INTRODUCTION
The Hong
Kong protest events have been happening since early June 2019. It all began
with the Hong Kong government's decision that prompted an amendment to the
extradition law. One of the desired points of change is to allow extradition from
Hong Kong to any non-binding jurisdiction, including mainland China. Hong Kong
is part of China's territory, but it has the privilege of one country, two
systems and its own legal boundaries since its return by the British to China
in 1997. This means that although one country with China, Hong Kong will enjoy
a high degree of autonomy, except in foreign affairs and defense for 50 years,
to 2047. As a result, as a special region in China, Hong Kong became an
autonomous country that was not completely free of China.
Hong Kong
and China are indeed under test for a massive Hong Kong demonstration of a
government plan which will uphold the extradition law or propose a new
extradition bill. It is feared by some Hong Kong that the extradition bill will
become a threat to the independent justice of Hong Kong and can be used to
target people who oppose the Chinese government (Cnbcindonesia.com, 2019).
The
demonstration of the countermeasures bill has been going on since the beginning
of 2019. But the climax came in June 2019. The actions of protestants came to
the world's attention because they used several methods to get the attention of
the government in the form of demonstrations. Several methods adopted by
protestants became a form of public message to the government. Several unique
ways of doing this research focus on communication strategy theory.
METHOD
The method
used must be accompanied by a reference; relevant modifications should be
described. Data analysis procedures and techniques should be emphasized in the
literature review article. The stages and analysis of the research should be
described in detail.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
1. The Demonstrastion
in Hong Kong
The
issue started in February 2019 when the Hong Kong security bureau submitted a
draft document that contained a motion to change the extradition law. The bill
proposes a change of the extradition agreement of any known criminal caught in
Hong Kong being extradited to China. Many Hong Kong people are opposed to this
proposed amendment. The disapproval was expressed in the form of the first
March 2019 (Republika.co.id, 2019).
Not
only do the charges against the extradition bill, demonstrators' intelligence
against Chinese police and high technology are of enough concern to the world.
They have self-mobilisation and technological
capabilities, showing strong alignment without any leading (Lee, 2014). The use of masks
and umbrellas by protesters evidently also served a special purpose. Both tools
were used as conventional ways of avoiding the Chinese facial recognition
system (JPNN, August 17, 2019). The high number of demonstrators has
led the Hong Kong police to use face-recognition technology on the phone which
is development in China to acquire the identity of the demonstrators as provocatators or anarchists. Not to be left out, protesters
ran a counter using laser beams from the pointer aimed at the police apparatus.
Laser light not only confuses police but also avoids crowd surveillance by
using facial recognition technology (jawapost,
August 16, 2019).
Interestingly,
demonstrators are said to be moving without a structured group leader.
Protesters in Hong Kong plan their actions through a decentralized
organizational structure. Protesters rely on mail delivery applications through
telegrams that are believed to be safer to share information with one another
because messages can be encrypted that are so difficult to hack and can have a
group of tens of thousands of people (theconversation,
June 14, 2019). Online maps are also used by protesters to help locate police (news., October 24, 2020).
More and more
demonstrators use several tactics to launch their protests (Tirto.id, 2019). The first tactic used by Hong Kong
demonstrators is to dismiss the leadership figure in their actions. This
leaderless resistance tactic is commonly known as the leaderless resistance.
The second tactic is the use of the encrypted and active message applications
for various online media forums. In addition to encrypted message applications
such as telecommunications, other features such as airdrop (found only on the
iphone) can also be used to spread posters and banners, even to the point of
targeting people, on the swift and unconnected future. Before the action is
made, telecommunication protesters often warn one another to activate the
airdrop. The third tactic takes place in the field. Protesters on the front
lines commonly use sign language tactics to communicate certain things. For
example to request that some needed equipment get to the front immediately.
Eventually, the long, extended human chain will be shoulder to shoulder to
carry the instrument or object in front.
The fourth tactic is
to create a special team to neutralize or extinguish the tear gas. Teams of
five to six take a slight position behind the front line. When tear gas is
thrown by the police, they will soon shut it down with a special equipment, a
traffic cone to restrict its spread, and extinguish it by pouring water into
the chimney. Fifth tactic, Hong Kong demonstrators will avoid clashes with
authorities to prevent victims from coming out of sight without heavy equipment
or urban battle tactics by being as orderly and undisciplined as they can be.
"One-two" of satan's villains will signal
the "one-two" before it is followed by the next line behind them. The
sixth tactic used was to open a cash donation to make a full-page AD in the
world's advance newspapers. The momentum target was the g-20 summit held in
Osaka, Japan, late June 2019. The collection was successful.
2. Communication Strategy
According to (Wardani, 2017) strategy management processes can be seen in
three stages, namely formulating strategy, implementing strategy, and
evaluating strategy. Communication strategies are almost like communication
planning guides and communication management to achieve a set goal. Arifin anwar 1984 (Sudarman, 2018) states that the elements that must be noted
in formulating communication strategies are public introduction, messages,
methods, media, and communicator. According to 2009 series (Sudarman, 2018) strategy is a means to an end. Communication
strategy is how to conduct communication operations successfully. Communication
alone has meaning as the transmission of one's thoughts or feelings
(communicator) to another (communion). The thought may consist of ideas,
information and opinion while feelings can be confidence, certainty, doubt,
anxiety, anger, and courage (Koeswara & Budianto, 2011).
The meaning of onong uchjana effendi's
"communications dimensions" implies that communication strategies are
a guide from communication and management planning to achieve a goal. To
achieve that goal communication strategies must be able to demonstrate how
tactical operation must be done, in the sense of the word that approaches can
vary at times depending on the circumstances and conditions (Effendy, 1990).
The use of
communication strategies (Smith,
2005:67), among other things: a plan, a deliberate
course of action. B. a specific maneuver intended to distract the opponent or
the competitor. A pattern, in a series of actions. A position, a way of putting
the organization in a neighborhood. E. a perspective, an integrated way of
winning the world. Whereas the purpose of the pace and faules
(1994:344) strategy of communication (1994:344) is: a.to secure understanding,
making sure that there is understanding in communication. B. to established,
how well that admissions are maintained. C. to motive action, driven for
motivation. D. The goals which the communicator, to achieve, how to achieve the
goals the communicator seeks to achieve from the communication process. A
cancellation of an extracurricular bill in Hong Kong.
R. Wayne pace, brent d
ptaerson, and m. Dallas burnet in his book technicalfor effective communication states that the
central purpose of communication strategy is three things: to secure
understanding, to established aceptance, and to
affirmative action. To secure understanding means ensuring that communion
understands with the message it receives. When communities receive or
understand, the recipient must be built up (to quickenance)
and eventually communication activities are motivated (to affirmative action).
3.
Social Communication Strategy at Hong Kong Demonstration
The chaos in mainland
China from mid-2019 to early 2020 is a reflection that the 'one country's
two-system government's political system' is a grave challenge for the United
Kingdom's post office of Hong Kong in July 1, 1997, where China used the
communism system while Hong Kong used the system liberalism. The power of Hong
Kong's understanding of freedom causes the region to be very sensitive in some
issues, one of which is consequence law
"Hong Kong killings carried out in Taiwan" (Sucitawathi, 2020).
Demonstrations
highlight the high stakes of the 2019 Hong Kong government, with the major
requirement being the retraction of the extradition bill. Several demonstrators
in order to deliver messages against government policy have contributed to the
world's spotlight. Protesters as communicators carry messages of thought and
feeling to governments as communes. Demonstrations can be referred to as a
communication process. In principle, communication would be done with several
operational steps toward achieving a goal or what might be called a communication
strategy.
Communication
strategies are planning, planning and management to achieve goals. But to
achieve that goal, the strategy does not serve as a road map indicating only
direction but rather has to point out how its operational tactics (effendy in arumsari, 2020).
Communication planning expert, Middleton, defines communication strategy as the
best combination of all communication elements from communicator, message,
conduit (media) receiver, to influence (effect) designed to achieve optimum
communication purposes (Cangara, 2013). Communicators
are, in this case, demonstrators who carry messages of demands through channels
or media, providing a way to influence several action plans to bring new
policies to governments as recipients of messages or communiques. Some of the
ways that demonstrators' messages are delivered have been focused on the
research.
The first operational
tactic of the Hong Kong protest strategy is to eliminate the leader figure in
action. This leaderless resistance tactic is commonly known as the leaderless
resistance (Tirto.id, 2019). Protesters
in Hong Kong plan their actions through a decentralized organizational
structure. Protesters rely on mail delivery applications through telegrams that
are believed to be safer to share information with one another because messages
can be encrypted that are so difficult to hack and can have a group of tens of
thousands of people (theconversation, June 14, 2019).
Online maps are also used by protesters to help locate police (news., October
24, 2020). Planning and planning are by willingly sharing information both
directly and indirectly so that the common aims of demands can be granted to
the communities in this regard.
The second operational
tactic in social communication strategies is the use of encrypted and active
message applications in online media forums. Other than an encrypted message
application like a telegram. Telegrams were selected because of the feel - safe
features of interested hackers. In general, such open-air media use as twitter
can be one of the latest sources of information. The use of a hashtag on a
twitter application will make it easier to present clear and current
information about events at the crash site (Wetzstein, 2017). Online use
of social media has been proven to relate significantly to public discourse and
civic engagement (Ye et al., 2017). However,
according to data, there was an increase in the quantity of mayybetween
out of 5,503 cases of may-attacks in 2006 and then to
42,887 in 2011. The number of cases has reached 680% (wilshusen,
gegory c., 2014). This is what caused the
demonstrators not to want to do a demonstration while using social media
against their will.
In addition to
telecommunications, such features as airdrop (found only on the iphone) are also used to spread posters and banners, even
to the point of targeting people, on the swift and wireless (offline) next
action. Before the action is made, telecommunication protesters often warn one
another to activate the airdrop. A mutual reminder to power the airdrop
includes planning to achieve a common goal of not falling behind updates on the
ground.
Operational tactics in
the third demonstrators' social communication strategies took place in the
field. Demonstrators on the line are using sign language tactics to communicate
certain matters. For example, when requesting some needed equipment immediately
up to the front. Demonstrators will then stand shoulder to shoulder carrying
the intended instrument or item from the back to the front (tirto.
Id, 2019. Planning (planning) by making signs or signs with the intent of giving
or receiving needed assistance from demonstrators.
The fourth tactic of
social communication strategy is to create a special team that ACTS to
neutralize or eliminate the tear gas. Teams of five to six take a slight
position behind the front line. When tear gas is thrown off the police, they
will soon cover it with a special equipment, a traffic cone, to restrict its
smoke smoke, and extinguish it by pouring water into
the chimney. Planning or planning by demonstrators on these tactics are
planning to prepare the equipment before battle in the field. Demonstrators
would be preparing devices such as water, special desserts and traffic cones on
the road. The purpose of the action was a tear gas that could impede the march
of protests could be avoided.
The fifth tactic of
social communication strategy is to avoid clashes. Planning or planning have
been done in such a way by demonstrating in orderly and disciplined fashion.
This small percentage of demonstrators have less than local law enforcement
equipment.
The next communication
strategy was the opening of a fund donation to a full-page AD payment on the
most familiar magazines in the world. Planning has been done by opening a
donation with a view to potential potential magazines
to open a new outlook for the world community. Planning to collect the fund
successfully leads to a goal where Hong Kong's demontran
message "stand with Hong Kong at g20" ran in the New York times, the
guardian, le monde, the Australian, asashi shim bun,
globe & mail, to Seoul daily.
The demonstrators'
tactics are a form of Hong Kong protest that can be categorized as a government
group. Conflict according to the coser (Wang & Yotsumoto, 2019) can have such positive effects as the birth
of new rules, norms, and institutions that function as socialization agents for
both competitive parties. This was what the demonstrators expected, even if it
did.
CONCLUSION
The demonstration will be done to achieve the
desired goal. Some measures have been taken to get the message across without
causing harm to the parties. Several unique strategies of Hong Kong's
demonstrations have been carried out to maintain a message to be delivered by
another group of Hong Kong governments. Demonstrations continue to be made to
fight for the five things of the Hong Kong government, removing the extradition
bill completely, calling "rioting" to demonstrators, lifting criminal
charges against demonstrators, conducting extensive investigations into police
ACTS of violence, and breaking the pro-china congress legislation and
implementing public-based universal or democrat.
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Hong Kong Public Social Communication Strategies in a
Demonstration Against the Proposed Extradition Law