The Influence of
Work Environment, Work Motivation and Work Experience on Employee Performance at
PT. Pranaja Trimitra Indonesia
Kayla Diatri
Ramadhani1, Herry Krisnandi2, Kumba
Digdowiseiso3*
1,2,3*
Management Study
Program, Faculty of Economics and Business,
National University Jakarta,
Indonesia
Email: 1[email protected], 2[email protected],
3*[email protected]
Abstrak
This study aims to
determine the effect of the Work Environment, Work Motivation, and Work
Experience on employee performance. This research technique utilizes a
quantitative approach, the selected survey method being the primary data
source. The primary data used for this study was in the form of a questionnaire
given to 67 employees of PT. Pranaja Trimitra Indonesia. The data analysis
technique in this study included multiple linear regression and hypothesis
testing (t-test) which were processed using the SPSS 23 application. From the
results of the study, it can be seen that work experience has a positive effect
on employee performance, while the work environment and work motivation do not
have a positive effect on employee performance.
Keywords: Work Environment, Work Motivation, and Work
Experience
INTRODUCTION
Every human being certainly has certain reasons for working. According
to Jimmy Oentoro (2013), some people work because they want to sit on a soft
chair called the "seat of power" at the top of the rungs of
"office". What they say becomes law for companies and the lives of
hundreds or even thousands of employees. They are invited to special occasions,
walk on the red carpet, sit in the front row, and even give a word or two at
every opportunity.
There is another reason why people work, which is to provide for the
needs of others who have not or cannot work, namely young children or elderly
parents. Work is a means to meet our needs. A wise saying goes, "If you
don't want to work, don't eat". E. F. Schumacher formulated three purposes
of human work as first, providing useful goods and services.
Second, it enables everyone to use and thereby perfect our talents like
good servants. Third, doing so to serve and cooperate with others to free
ourselves from our innate selfishness. This triple function makes work so
central to human life that it is impossible to imagine life at the human level
without work.
Employees represent wealth within the company. Company activities
cannot run without the participation of employees. One of the things that
employees must do in carrying out their work is communication. Employees of the
company have a great responsibility.
Previous research has shown that the work environment has a positive
and significant effect on employee performance. Improving employee performance
can be done by creating a good and comfortable work environment. A pleasant
work environment is very important in improving employee performance, so the
work environment is said to be good when employees can make a great
contribution to the company, both directly and indirectly to the progress of
the company.
The work environment is anything or element that can affect an
organization or business, directly or indirectly, having a positive or negative
effect on employee performance and job satisfaction. (Soetjipto, 2008). The
work environment includes clear job descriptions, adequate authority,
challenging work targets, communication patterns, harmonious working
relationships, dynamic work climate, career opportunities, and adequate work
facilities. (Mangkunegara, 2006). Sedarmayanti in Nuryasin (2016: 18) states
that the non-physical work environment includes all conditions related to work
relationships with colleagues, subordinates, and superiors.
In addition to the work environment, previous research concluded that
work motivation is very influential on employee performance, Hanafi &
Yohana (2017) said that motivation is used as a fundamental development of
requirements that foster aspirations or efforts in carrying out achievements of
certain things to be aimed at which will then create tension due to unfulfilled
ambitions and will provide encouragement to activities that lead to a goal and
will eventually fulfill the desire. Motivation within employees can come from
the need for money, rewards, power, and recognition. Outside motivation can
come from family, co-workers, or superiors (Heidjrachman & Husnan, 2002).
Three main aspects drive an employee's work motivation. First, desire,
when someone has a desire, his motivation is motivated to do a job to achieve
what he wants. Second, needs, one has high motivation when one needs it. When
someone needs something such as salary, or compensation, the job will be
encouraged to do their job well. Third, a sense of security, someone will try
to do something also due to fear when the person does not do something so
motivational reasons arise because when someone does something he feels safe.
(Winardi, 2001).
Effective and targeted use of labor is the key to improving employee
performance. Efforts to create good employee performance are not easy, because
in reality there are still many workers who have not mastered management skills
and expertise in their work. One of the factors that can affect employee
performance is work experience. Work experience is gained from employees who
have worked longer and are expected to have versatile experience in solving
various problems.
Armed with this experience, it is expected that every employee has
quality human resources to improve work performance. (Rahmawati, 2016). Gibson
(2014) argues that experienced people are always smarter at answering anything
than inexperienced people. Because if a person has enough work experience, the
experience becomes capital for the future of the employee.
Employee performance is the result of a person's work in quality and
quantity that has been achieved by employees in carrying out duties according
to the responsibilities given. (Mangkunegara, 2016). Sedarmayanti (2007) stated
the importance of performance for the sustainability of an organization is to
perform, run, carry out, and perfect responsibilities. Employee performance is
influenced by several factors including ability, motivation, knowledge factors,
work environment, strategic position, humanitarian processes, structure,
personality factors, satisfaction factors, leadership styles, work team
factors, and technology and facility factors.
To improve employee performance, companies can ensure various efforts
aimed at motivating an individual to carry out employee work. These efforts can
be implemented by providing various work supports needed by employees and can
expand work benefits for all employees.
Working as an event organizer promises quite tempting benefits for the
owner. An event organizer is an organization that serves its clients by
providing services in the form of event planning, event organizers, event
organizers, and other services related to events. Most event organizer services
are used to organize weddings or birthday events of clients. The services
offered are not only to individual clients but to companies as well.
One company that provides event organizer services is PT. Pranaja Trimitra
Indonesia. PT. Pranaja Trimitra Indonesia is included in a company established
based on the laws of the Republic of Indonesia. PT. Pranaja Trimitra Indonesia
with trade mark Pranaja is a company engaged in services, which provides
professional event organizing services in organizing various formal and
non-formal events. Pranaja is a transformation of CV which was established in
2015, during the 7 years of business development needs have become a driver to
increase business legality from CV to PT, officially the legality of PT has
been legalized under the name PT. Pranaja Trimitra Indonesia.
Based on the limitations of the problem described above, the author
formulates the problem as follows: 1) Does the work environment affect the
performance of employees at PT? Pranaja Trimitra Indonesia? 2) Does work
motivation affect employee performance at PT. Pranaja Trimitra Indonesia? 3)
Does work experience affect employee performance at PT. Pranaja Trimitra
Indonesia?
Based on the formulation of the problem above, the research objectives
to be achieved are: 1) To determine and analyze the influence of the work
environment on employee performance at PT. Pranaja Trimitra Indonesia. 2) To
know and analyze the effect of work motivation on employee performance at PT.
Pranaja Trimitra Indonesia. 3) To know and analyze the effect of work
experience on employee performance at PT. Pranaja Trimitra Indonesia. The hope
is that with this research, companies can receive input or suggestions in
considering policy making and also input for management in evaluating employee
performance for the present and the future.
RESEARCH METHOD
The
object of research in this study is employee performance which is influenced by
the work environment, work motivation, and work experience at PT. Pranaja
Trimitra Indonesia. The source of empirical data is the community chosen as the
object of study called respondents (Guidebook for Final Project Writing FEB
Unas, 2022). In this study, the source of the data is employees of PT. Pranaja
Trimitra Indonesia.
The type
of data in this study is primary data obtained through questionnaires.
Population is a generalized area consisting of subjects or objects with certain
qualities and characteristics inaugurated by researchers. Population can be
objects or subjects, population can be people, plants, products, and documents.
Population is not only people but also objects and objects of nature.
(Sugiyono, 2012).
The
sample is part of the number and characteristics possessed by the population.
The sample taken from the population must be completely representative.
(Sugiyono, 2012). In this study, the sample is included in the illustration of
the population whose results will later discuss all the indications concerned.
Samples are also important for population-driven quality and numbers. The
sample used is Probability Sampling. Probability Sampling is a sampling
technique that provides equal opportunities for each element (member) of the
population to be selected as a member of the sample (Sugiyono, 2018).
In this
study, the population is employees of PT. Pranaja Trimitra Indonesia numbering
80 people. Data collection techniques are included in the way chosen by
researchers to collect data with data collection tools that are suitable for
use in research. This research technique utilizes a quantitative approach, the
survey method chosen to be the primary data source. Survey techniques center
around gathering information from respondents who have a variety of data that
will allow analysts to deal with problems.
Information
collection tools are carried out by utilizing surveys. Questionnaires
(questionnaires) are included in the information collection strategy which ends
by giving a set of structured questions to respondents to answer. The method
used in this study is included in the questionnaire method.
SPSS Estimation Results
Descriptive Analysis
Work Environment (X1)
An
optimal work environment plays an important role in supporting employee
productivity and well-being. One of the factors that contribute to the quality
of the work environment is the space provided. The evaluation results show that
a spacious and comfortable workspace has a positive impact on work activities,
with an average score of 4.40. This finding indicates that the availability of
adequate space can facilitate the course of work.
Furthermore,
the ability to work is also a crucial aspect that is assessed. Good
coordination between colleagues is considered a critical success factor in
carrying out tasks, with an average score of 4.27. Meanwhile, the contribution
of colleagues who have good workability is considered able to support the
overall improvement of workability, with an average score of 4.36. Thus,
positive relationships between team members become an important factor in
achieving optimal work performance.
In
addition, collaboration between employees is also considered essential.
Cooperation between employees is needed to carry out the job well, with an
average score of 4.28. The existence of a work team is also recognized as a
very helpful element in the implementation of tasks, although with a slightly
lower average score, which is 4.15. Overall, the work environment was assessed
to have a total mean average of 4.29, while the total mean of the work
environment reached 25.79. The results of this evaluation illustrate the
importance of creating a supportive work environment, both in terms of space,
workability, and relationships between employees, to improve overall
performance and quality of work.
Based on
the data, the results of the respondents' assessment were obtained with a total
mean of work environment variables (X1) of 4.29. The highest total average is
found in the first indicator, namely the Space Needed with a value of 4.40, and
the lowest average is found in the third indicator, namely employee relations
with other employees with a value of 4.15.
Work Motivation (X2)
Work motivation plays a central role in
improving employee performance and productivity. Evaluation of the drive to
achieve success shows that effective encouragement is needed to achieve fast
and precise work on production targets, with an average score of 4.39. These
findings emphasize the importance of adequate motivation to achieve success in
the work environment.
The drive to achieve power is also an important
factor evaluated. Fast and precise execution of work is considered to open
opportunities for promotion, with an average score of 4.10. In addition, the
existence of career improvement programs for employees is considered able to
encourage employees to work better, with an average score of 4.28. This
illustrates that motivation to achieve power can be a significant driver in
improving employee performance.
Furthermore, the drive to affiliate was also
assessed as a factor influencing work motivation. Good cooperation between
employees is considered capable of achieving optimal work results, with an
average score of 4.24. Despite this, teamwork, although still considered
positive, had a slightly lower average score, at 4.13. Overall, the evaluation
of work motivation showed a total mean of 4.23, while the total mean of work
motivation reached 25.28. These findings reflect the importance of providing
effective encouragement, whether to achieve success, power, or affiliation, to
motivate employees and achieve optimal performance.
Based on the data, the results of the
respondents' assessment were obtained with a total mean of work motivation
variable (X2) of 4.23. The highest total average is found in the first
indicator, namely, the drive to achieve success with a value of 4.39, and the
lowest average is found in the second indicator, namely, the encouragement to
achieve success with a value of 4.10.
Work Experience (X3)
Work
experience, knowledge, and abilities of individuals play a crucial role in
determining the quality of task execution. Evaluation of working time shows
that the longer a person works, the more experience they have, with an average
score of 4.25. It was also found that the length of time worked was considered
a factor that eased the course of work, with an average score of 4.09. This
confirms that long work experience can contribute positively to an individual's
readiness to handle complex tasks.
Furthermore,
the level of knowledge and ability is assessed as an important element in
carrying out work. The knowledge and abilities possessed by individuals are
considered to facilitate the completion of tasks, with an average score of
4.21. This finding was reinforced by the results of an evaluation of the fourth
statement, which showed that a person's knowledge and abilities can
significantly facilitate the completion of work, with an average score of 4.40.
Mastery of work is also the
focus of assessment in this evaluation. Understanding a job is considered key
in facilitating task completion, with an average score of 4.37. Meanwhile,
employees who can master their work are considered good performance indicators,
albeit with a slightly lower average score of 4.13.
Overall, the evaluation of
work experience showed a total mean average of 4.24, while the total mean of
work experience reached 25.45. These findings illustrate that long work
experience, coupled with solid knowledge and abilities, can make a significant
contribution to improving the effectiveness and quality of individual task
execution.
Based on
the data, the results of the respondents' assessment were obtained with a total
mean of Work Experience (X3) variable of 4.24. The highest total average is
found in the second indicator, namely the Level of Knowledge and Ability with a
value of 4.40, and the lowest average is found in the first indicator, the
Working Period with a value of 4.09.
Employee Performance (Y)
Employee
performance becomes the focus of evaluation in determining the quality and
effectiveness of work. In terms of work quantity, it was found that the amount
of work that matches the workload of employees can make it easier to complete
tasks, with an average score of 4.31. In addition, there needs to be a balance
between the amount of work and one's workload so that the task execution runs
optimally, with an average score of 4.22. These findings confirm that wise
management of the quantity of work can improve the efficiency and effectiveness
of work.
From the
aspect of work quality, the evaluation results show that good work results have
a positive impact on the awards received by employees, with an average score of
4.21. The relationship between good work and the stipulated provisions is also
recognized, with an average score of 4.27. This suggests that quality work that
reflects compliance with company standards can be a determining factor in
gaining recognition and appreciation.
Responsibility
for a job is the last aspect to be evaluated. It found that responsibility
towards work was considered an obligation for an employee, with an average
score of 4.27. Employees who comply with company provisions are considered
liable, albeit with a slightly lower average score of 4.19. Overall, the
employee performance evaluation showed a total mean average of 4.24, while the
total mean of employee performance reached 25.47. These results reflect the
importance of managing the quantity and quality of work, and encouraging
individual responsibility, to achieve optimal levels of performance in the work
environment.
Based on
the data, the results of the respondents' assessment were obtained with a total
mean variable of Employee Performance (Y) of 4.24. The highest total average is
found in the first indicator, namely Quantity of Work with a value of 4.31, and
the lowest average is found in the third indicator, namely Responsibility with
a value of 4.19.
Uji
Hypoplant
This
t-test is used to gain an understanding related to the significance of the
influence of independent variables partially or individually on the dependent
variable. The influence that has been mentioned can be stamped with real value
and Tcalculate obtained. That is by comparing the real Tcalculate obtained with
the real level of < a = 0.05. The following are the test results of the
t-test by utilizing the SPSS 23 program:
Table 1 Test T
|
Model |
T |
Sig. |
|
|
1 |
(Constant) |
1,692 |
0,096 |
|
X1 |
0,748 |
0,457 |
|
|
X2 |
0,600 |
0,551 |
|
|
X3 |
4,860 |
0,000 |
|
a. Dependent Variable: KinerjaKaryawan
Source: Data processed, 2023
Based on the results of the
T-Test in Table 1, the following conclusions can be obtained:
Testing
the hypothesis of the work environment variable obtained a calculated value of
0.748 with a significance level of 0.457 > 0.05, then the hypothesis was
rejected which means that the work environment variable has no effect on
employee performance at PT. Pranaja Trimitra Indonesia. Testing the hypothesis
of the work motivation variable obtained a calculated value of 0.600 with a
significance level of 0.551 > 0.05, then the hypothesis was rejected which
means that the work motivation variable has no effect on employee performance
at PT. Pranaja Trimitra Indonesia.
Testing
the hypothesis of the work experience variable obtained a calculated value of
4.860 with a significance level of 0.000 < 0.05, then the hypothesis is
accepted which means that the work experience variable has a positive and
significant effect on employee performance at PT. Pranaja Trimitra Indonesia.
The
Effect of Work Environment on Employee Performance at PT. Pranaja Trimitra
Indonesia
Based on
the results of the study, Work Environment variables do not affect Employee
Performance. The current state of affairs provides clues related to that the
work environment does not have a major impact on employee performance. The
results of this study also support the results of previous research conducted
by Mahmudin A. Sabilalo et al. (2020) resulting in the conclusion that the work
environment has a negative and insignificant effect on employee performance.
The
Effect of Work Motivation on Employee Performance at PT. Pranaja Trimitra
Indonesia
Based on
the results of the study, the variable of work motivation does not affect
employee performance. The current situation provides clues related to that work
motivation does not have a major impact on employee performance. The results of
this study also support the results of previous research conducted by Ivan
Timothy (2017) resulting in the conclusion that work motivation does not have a
significant effect on employee performance.
The
Effect of Work Experience on Employee Performance at PT. Pranaja Trimitra
Indonesia
Based on
the results of the study, work experience variables produce a positive and
significant influence on employee performance. This situation indicates that
the work experience possessed by employees has a significant influence on
employee performance. The results of this study also support the results of
previous research conducted by Bachtiar Arifudin Husain (2018) resulting in the
conclusion that work experience has a positive effect on employee performance.
CONCLUSION
Based on
the results of research and discussion in the previous chapter accompanied by
theories and concepts that support this study entitled The Influence of the
Work Environment, work motivation, and work experience on Employee Performance
at PT. Pranaja Trimitra Indonesia. So in this study, it was concluded that: 1)
Work Environment does not affect the Performance of PT. Pranaja Trimitra
Indonesia. 2) Work Motivation does not affect the Performance of PT. Pranaja
Trimitra Indonesia. 3) Work Experience has a positive and significant effect on
the Performance of PT. Pranaja Trimitra Indonesia.
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