The
Influence of Video Modeling on Mother's Ability in Readiness to Implement
Toilet Training in Toddler Age
Indra
Rahmad1*, Julhana2, Heni Nurhaeni3, Saimi4
1*,2�Poltekkes Institution of the Ministry of
Health of Mataram , Indonesia
3�Poltekkes Institution of the Ministry of
Health Jakarta, Indonesia
4�Qamarul Huda Badaruddin University, Indonesia
Email:
1*[email protected], 2[email protected],
3[email protected], 4[email protected]
|
Keywords: |
ABSTRACT |
|
Video Modeling, Toilet Training, Knowledge,
Attitude, Actions, Abilities |
Toddler age (1-3 years) is a golden age
because children in At this age, growth and development are very rapid. One
of the tasks of toddler development is toilet training (Khaironi, 2018).
Exercise CHAPTER or BAK in children really needs preparation for the mother,
both physically, psychologically, and intellectually. Quantitative research
with a quasi experimental approach with control group design. Research design
pre-test and post-test control group design. The sampling technique was in
the form of purposive sampling involving 100 respondents. The results of data
analysis using the Wilcoxone test obtained a p-value of 0.000 (p <0.05) in
the variables of knowledge, attitudes, mother's actions, and child's abilities.
Before and after the intervention was given to the experimental group using
video modeling. These results indicate that Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected
so that it can be interpreted that there is an effect of giving video
modeling on the knowledge, attitudes, actions of the mother, and the ability
of the child in the readiness of the mother to carry out toilet training at
toddler age. The results of statistical tests in the control group showed a
value of 0.002 (p <0.05) on the knowledge variable, which means the value
of toilet training ability in the control group there was an increase before
and after it was given intervention. Then on the variables attitude, mother's
actions, and children's abilities obtained by 0.001 (p <0.05) which means
there was an increase before and after the intervention was given to the
control group using the booklet. |
INTRODUCTION
Toddler age
(1-3 years) is the golden age because child in
this age experiences very rapid growth and development. One of task development
during toddlerhood is toilet training (Khaironi, 2018).
Exercise Defecation or BAK in
children really requires preparation for the mother, both physically physical, psychological and intellectual.
Through this preparation, children are expected to can control the ability to defecate or urinate independently. Toilet success training depends on readiness from self child and family,
especially Mother, like Physical readiness means that the child
is strong and capable. Likewise with readiness
psychology where every child needs a comfortable atmosphere to be able
to control and concentrate on
defecating or urinating (Andriyani, Ibrahim, & Wulandari, 2017).
The facts of the current condition illustrate
that most parents are lacking play an active role and do not understand
readiness to urinate and defecate children
(Mendur P, Rottie, & Bataha, 2018). Some parents have inappropriate habits
in defecating and urinating, which causes the child to urinate and defecate in
his pants without telling the mother or the child to urinate and defecate while
crying. This condition may be caused by the mother's lack of knowledge
regarding how to train children to defecate and urinate, which causes parents
to give a negative attitude towards toilet training their children and some
even never give their children toilet training (Susilowati & Pratiwi,
2016). Based on the facts from this research, providing information as a method
of increasing knowledge is very important to provide, because this will
influence the implementation of toilet training in children. Mothers who have a
good level of knowledge mean they have a good understanding of the benefits and
impacts of toilet training, so that mothers will have a positive attitude
towards the concept of toilet training (Musfiroh & Wisudaningtyas, 2014).
According to Riskesdas data in 2018, the
number of children under five in Indonesia is 30% of the total 250 million
Indonesian citizens. West Nusa Tenggara is the province with the 2nd largest
population in Indonesia, with the number of children under five in 2019 being
2,280,239 people. Data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency of West Nusa
Tenggara Province, the number of children under five in West Nusa Tenggara in
2020 reached 506,146 people. Researchers collected initial data on January 23
2022 by interviewing mother and child program holders at the Woha Community
Health Center. The results show that the number of toddlers under the Woha
Health Center Area is 156 people. The mother and child service program at the
Woha Community Health Center is carried out in collaboration with posyandu
cadres at the beginning of every month, however it is known that education on
BAK preparation or toilet training has never been given to mothers who have
children aged 1-3 years. Researchers conducted interviews with several mothers
in local residents' homes and it was discovered that 4 respondents out of 5
mothers still had inappropriate habits in toilet training their children, for
example the mother seemed less responsive when her child urinated, got angry
and shouted at the child when the child was unable to defecate. Water in place,
and so on. Lack of parental role in the child's toilet training phase can lead
to toilet training failure.
Various efforts have been made to overcome
toilet training failures, including through counseling, demonstrations and
stimulation of mothers. This is in line with research conducted by (Sintawati,
2016) which used the counseling method as stimulation to increase mothers'
readiness in teaching toilet training to their children, which showed
improvement after being given stimulation in the form of counseling. Another
study conducted using the psychoeducation method by (Machmudah, 2017) showed
the results after being given psychoeducation in the treatment group that
mothers' knowledge increased after being given psychoeducation. Then regarding
children's toileting abilities, the results show that children's ability to
carry out toilet training increases after being given psychoeducation.
The use of video modeling as an alternative
for learning/forming new behavior provides stimuli for the eyes, hearing and
other senses that are more quickly accepted by respondents. One of the
functions of video modeling can be used to train toilet training skills in
mothers and children. Video modeling is widely applied because respondents can
immediately see and remember what they see through the broadcast and apply it
because the video exemplifies the meaning of the flow of steps to the
respondent, so that respondents can quickly grasp what is given through the
video. Apart from that, toilet training steps can be combined with other film
techniques such as animation which combines still images and movement, and can
be played back (Nurfajriyani, Prabandari, & Lusmilasari, 2016). The use of
video modeling to support the success of toilet training was also carried out
by (Nurfajriyani et al., 2016) with the results that video modeling had a
greater impact on improving urination and defecation skills compared to oral
techniques. Based on the basic assumption that video modeling can improve
mothers' ability to prepare their children for toilet training, researchers are
interested in examining the "effect modelling
videos animation to increased
capabilities Mother in readiness implementation toilet training
on child toddler
age�.
The problem formulation for this research is
whether there is an influence of video modeling on mothers' ability to prepare
for toilet training in toddler-aged children. The general aim of this research
is to determine the effect of video modeling on mothers' ability to prepare for
toilet training in toddler-aged children. The specific objectives include
identifying the mother's knowledge, attitudes, actions and abilities before and
after being given the video modeling intervention, analyzing the mother's
knowledge, attitudes, actions and children's toilet training abilities before
and after the intervention. It is hoped that the theoretical benefits of this
research can contribute to thinking and become the basis for the development of
pediatric nursing, especially related to increasing toilet training readiness
in mothers and children through video modeling education. Practically, this
research provides benefits for respondents, institutions, the nursing
profession, and future researchers in the context of increasing toilet training
abilities in toddler-aged children.
RESEARCH
METHODS
This research is quantitative research with a
quasi-experimental approach using a pre-test and post-test control group design.
In this experiment, the experimental group received treatment in the form of
video media and booklets, while the control group only received booklets. The
research subjects were mothers and children entering toddler age at the
Posyandu in the Woha Community Health Center working area.
The research population included mothers and
children entering toddler age at the Posyandu in the Woha Community Health
Center working area. The sample was selected using a purposive sampling
technique with predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The sample size
was calculated using a statistical formula, and the researcher added 20% to
anticipate dropout, so the total sample was 100 respondents.
The research variables consist of independent
variables (showing animation video modeling) and dependent variables (mother's
knowledge, attitudes and actions in toilet training, as well as children's
toilet training abilities). Operational definitions of variables are explained
using appropriate measuring tools, such as questionnaires.
Research tools and materials involved laptops,
questionnaires, SAK, speakers, and toilet training learning videos. The
research instrument involved a questionnaire to measure the mother's knowledge,
attitudes, actions, and children's toilet training abilities. The validity and
reliability of the instrument have been tested previously.
The research was conducted at the Posyandu in
the Woha Community Health Center working area for six months, from February to
July 2023. The data collection procedure involved preparation, implementation
stages with pre-test, intervention and post-test, as well as data analysis
using Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney statistical tests. .
The research operational framework shows that
the experimental group received the video modeling intervention and the
booklet, while the control group only received the booklet. Research ethics are
considered by providing freedom, informed consent, anonymity and
confidentiality of data.
This research contributes to understanding the
effect of animated video modeling on increasing toilet training readiness in
toddler-aged children through careful statistical analysis and detailed
research procedures.
RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION
A. Research result
Based
on research conducted by researchers, general data was obtained including the
characteristics of respondents consisting of age, level of education,
occupation, knowledge, attitudes, and actions of mothers and children's
abilities before and after intervention in the form of animated video modeling
which is presented in the table as follows:
Data
on Mother's Characteristics in Readiness for Implementing Toilet Training at
Toddler Age at PKM Woha Kab. Bima in 2023
Table 1.
Characteristics of Respondents Based on Age,
Education Level, and
Occupation at PKM Woha Kab. Bima in 2023
|
Variable |
Experiment |
Control |
||
|
n |
% |
n |
% |
|
|
Age |
|
|||
|
18 - 25 years old |
10 |
20 |
13 |
26 |
|
26 - 30 years old |
19 |
38 |
20 |
40 |
|
31 - 35 years old |
14 |
28 |
11 |
22 |
|
36 - 40 years old |
7 |
14 |
6 |
12 |
|
Level of
education |
|
|||
|
JUNIOR
HIGH SCHOOL |
6 |
12 |
7 |
14 |
|
SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL |
19 |
38 |
20 |
40 |
|
PT |
25 |
50 |
23 |
46 |
|
Work |
|
|||
|
IRT |
13 |
26 |
13 |
26 |
|
Private |
13 |
26 |
12 |
24 |
|
Honorary |
10 |
20 |
11 |
22 |
|
Civil
servants |
14 |
28 |
14 |
28 |
Based on table 1 of 100 respondents, 50 experimental
respondents and 50 control respondents, almost half of the respondents' ages
were in the 26-30 year age range, 19 people (38%) in the experimental group and
20 people (40%) in the control group, the respondent's education level half of
them were PT (University) as many as 25 people (50%) in the experimental group
and almost half as many as PT (Higher Education) as many as 23 people (46%) in
the control group. The jobs of almost half of the civil servant respondents
were 14 people (28%) in the experimental group and the control group.
1.
Data on Characteristics of
Toddler Age Children in Readiness for Implementing Toilet Training at PKM Woha Kab.
Bima in 2023
Table
2. Characteristics of Toddler Age Children Based on Age
and
Gender at PKM Woha Kab. Bima in 2023
|
Variable |
Experiment |
Control |
||
|
n |
% |
n |
% |
|
|
Age |
|
|||
|
12 - 23 months |
18 |
36 |
17 |
34 |
|
24 - 36 months |
32 |
64 |
33 |
66 |
|
Gender |
|
|||
|
Woman |
31 |
62 |
29 |
58 |
|
Man |
19 |
38 |
21 |
42 |
Based on table 2, in the experimental group and control
group, the majority of toddler age children were in the age range of 24-36
months, 32 children (64%) in the experimental group, and 33 children (66%) in
the control group, and the gender of the children in the experimental group.
The experimental group was mostly female with 31 children (62%) and in the
control group there were 29 children (58%).
2.
Frequency Distribution of
Mother's Knowledge, Attitudes, Actions, and Children's Abilities Before and
After Being Given Video Modeling on
Mothers' Ability to Prepare for Toilet
Training at Toddler Age at PKM Woha Kab. Bima in 2023
Table
3. Frequency Distribution of Mother's Knowledge, Attitudes, Actions, and
Children's Abilities Before and After Being Given Video Modeling on Mothers' Ability to Prepare for Toilet Training at Toddler Age at PKM
Woha Kab. Bima in 2023
|
Variable |
Experiment |
Control |
||||||
|
Pre Test |
Post Test |
Pre Test |
Post Test |
|||||
|
n |
% |
n |
% |
n |
% |
n |
% |
|
|
Mother's
Knowledge Mean � SD |
4.68
� 1.168 |
8.98
� 1.378 |
4.66
� 1.171 |
6.86
� 1.578 |
||||
|
Tall |
0 |
0 |
44 |
88 |
0 |
0 |
26 |
52 |
|
Currently |
31 |
62 |
6 |
12 |
30 |
60 |
20 |
40 |
|
Low |
19 |
38 |
0 |
0 |
20 |
40 |
4 |
8 |
|
Mother's attitude Mean � SD |
27.54
� 5.195 |
44.36
� 8.007 |
27.54
� 5.195 |
40.52
� 9.163 |
||||
|
Good |
0 |
0 |
34 |
68 |
0 |
0 |
32 |
64 |
|
Enough |
32 |
64 |
16 |
32 |
32 |
64 |
17 |
34 |
|
Not enough |
18 |
36 |
0 |
0 |
18 |
36 |
1 |
2 |
|
Mother's
Actions Mean � SD |
27.54
� 5.195 |
44.36
� 8.007 |
27.40
� 5.264 |
37.34
� 7.102 |
||||
|
Good |
0 |
0 |
34 |
68 |
0 |
0 |
33 |
66 |
|
Enough |
32 |
64 |
16 |
32 |
32 |
64 |
17 |
34 |
|
Not enough |
18 |
36 |
0 |
0 |
18 |
36 |
0 |
0 |
|
Children's
Abilities Mean � SD |
16.88
� 2.833 |
26.42
� 3.737 |
16.48
� 2.929 |
22.60
� 4.969 |
||||
|
Good |
0 |
0 |
37 |
74 |
0 |
0 |
30 |
60 |
|
Enough |
34 |
68 |
13 |
26 |
30 |
60 |
19 |
38 |
|
Not enough |
16 |
32 |
0 |
0 |
20 |
40 |
1 |
2 |
Based on table
3, it was found that the majority of mothers' pre-test knowledge before being
given toilet training video modeling was
in the medium category, namely 31 people (62%) in the experimental group with
an average pre-test score of 4.68 with a standard deviation of 1,168 and 30
people (60%) in the control group with an average pre-test score of 4.66 with a
standard deviation of 1.171. Then, after being given toilet training video modeling, a post-test was carried out, almost
all of the mothers' knowledge was in the high category, as many as 44 people
(88%) in the experimental group with an average post-test score of 8.98 with a
standard deviation of 1,378 and as many as 26 people (52%) in the control group
with an average post-test score of 6.86 with a standard deviation of 1.578.
In the
attitude variable before being given toilet
training video modeling, the majority of respondents were in the sufficient
category, 32 people (64%) in the experimental group with an average pre-test
score of 27.54 with a standard deviation of 5,195 and 32 people (64%) in the
control group. with an average pre-test score of 27.54 with a standard deviation
of 5.195. Then, after being given toilet
training video modeling, a post test was carried out, most of the mothers'
attitudes were in the good category, as many as 34 people (68%) in the
experimental group with an average post-test score of 44.36 with a standard
deviation of 8.007 and as many as 32 people (64%) with The average post-test
score is 40.52 with a standard deviation of 9.163. In the maternal action
variable, the majority of respondents were in the sufficient category, 32
people (64%) in the experimental group with an average pre-test score of 27.54
with a standard deviation of 5.195 and 32 people (64%) in the control group
with an average score. pre-test 27.40 with a standard deviation of 5.264. Then,
after being given toilet training video
modeling, a post test was carried out, most of the mothers' actions were in
the good category, as many as 34 people (68%) in the experimental group with an
average post-test score of 44.36 with a standard deviation of 8.007 and as many
as 33 people (66%) in the control group with an average post-test score of
37.34 with a standard deviation of 7.102.
In the child ability variable, the majority of respondents
were in the sufficient category, 34 people (68%) in the experimental group with
an average pre-test score of 16.88 with a standard deviation of 2.833 and 30
people (60%) in the control group with an average score. pre-test 16.48 with a
standard deviation of 2.929. Then, after being given toilet training video modeling, a post test was carried out, most
of the mothers' attitudes were in the good category, 37 people (74%) in the
experimental group with an average post-test score of 26.42 with a standard
deviation of 3,737 and 30 people (60%) in the control group with an average
post-test score of 22.60 with a standard deviation of 4.969.
3.
Normality
Test of Knowledge, Attitudes, Actions and Abilities in the
Experimental Group and Control Group Before and After Being Given Video Modeling on Mothers' Ability to
Prepare for Toilet Training for Toddler Age
Children at PKM Woha Kab. Bima in 2023
Table 4. Normality Test Results of
Children's Knowledge, Attitudes, Actions and Abilities Before and After Being
Given Video Modeling on Mothers'
Ability to Prepare for Toilet Training at
Toddler Age at PKM Woha Kab. Bima in 2023
|
Group |
n |
p value |
sig value. |
|
Pre-test experimental knowledge |
50 |
< 0.05 |
,000 |
|
Post-test experimental knowledge |
50 |
< 0.05 |
,000 |
|
Pre-test experimental attitude |
50 |
< 0.05 |
,004 |
|
Post-test experimental attitude |
50 |
< 0.05 |
,000 |
|
Pre-test experimental action |
50 |
< 0.05 |
,002 |
|
Post-test experimental measures |
50 |
< 0.05 |
,000 |
|
Pre-test experimentation capabilities |
50 |
< 0.05 |
,000 |
|
Post-test experimentation capabilities |
50 |
< 0.05 |
,000 |
|
Pre-test control knowledge |
50 |
< 0.05 |
,000 |
|
Post-test control knowledge |
50 |
< 0.05 |
,000 |
|
Pre-test control attitude |
50 |
< 0.05 |
,002 |
|
Post-test control attitude |
50 |
< 0.05 |
,001 |
|
Pre-test control measures |
50 |
< 0.05 |
,001 |
|
Post-test control measures |
50 |
< 0.05 |
,000 |
|
Pre-test control ability |
50 |
< 0.05 |
,000 |
|
Post-test controllability |
50 |
< 0.05 |
,006 |
The normality test results in table 4 show that the
experimental pre-test, experimental post-test, control pre-test, control
post-test values have sig. < 0.05 means that the data is not normally
distributed on the variables of knowledge, attitudes, maternal actions and
child abilities.
4.
Analysis of the Average
Value of Knowledge, Attitudes, Actions and Abilities on Mothers' Ability to Prepare for Toilet Training at Toddler Age at
PKM Woha Kab. Bima in 2023.
Table
5. Mean value of knowledge, attitudes, maternal actions, and abilities in the
experimental group and control group before and after being given video modeling of mothers' abilities in
readiness for toilet training at toddler age
at PKM Woha Kab. Bima in 2023
|
Group |
Experiment |
Control |
p value |
||
|
pre-test |
post-test |
pre-test |
post-test |
||
|
Knowledge |
0,000 |
0.002 |
0,000 |
||
|
Attitude |
0,000 |
0.001 |
0.02 |
||
|
Action |
0,000 |
0.001 |
0,000 |
||
|
Ability |
0,000 |
0.001 |
0,000 |
||
The results of statistical tests using Wilcoxon showed that the sig. (2-tailed) value obtained was 0.000
(p<0.05) for both knowledge, attitudes, maternal actions and children's
abilities, which means there is
enhancement before nor after given
intervention on group experiment
using video modeling. These results
show that H a is accepted and H 0 is rejected, so it can
be interpreted that there is an influence of providing video modeling on the mother's knowledge, attitudes, actions and
the child's ability in the mother's readiness to carry out toilet training at toddler
age (1-3 years) at PKM Woha Kab. Bima 2023. Meanwhile, the results of
statistical tests in the control group showed a sig. (2-tailed) value obtained
of 0.002 (p<0.05) on the knowledge variable
means mark ability
toilet training on group experiments
exist enhancement before nor after given intervention
. Then the attitude, mother's actions and child's ability variables show
a sig. (2-tailed) value obtained of 0.001 (p<0.05) which is means there
is enhancement before nor after given intervention
on group control using the booklet.
Data analysis of the differences between the treatment
group and the control group using the Mann Whitney Test statistical test, shows
that the results of p value = 0.000 so p < 0.05 so it can be concluded that
there are differences in the level of knowledge, maternal actions and
children's abilities between the treatment group and control group. Then the
mother's attitude shows that the results of p value = 0.02 so p < 0.05 so it
can be concluded that there is a level of difference in attitude between the
treatment group and the control group.
Discussion
1.
Identify maternal
characteristics based on age, education level, and
employment at PKM Woha Kab. Bima in 2023
Based on table
1, almost half of the respondents' ages were in the 26-30 year age range, 19
people (38%) in the experimental group and 20 people (40%) in the control
group. In implementing toilet training, social
maturity is one of the supporting aspects.
Then
it can be seen that the majority of parents' education is in the PT (Higher
Education) category
, as many as 25 people (50%) in the experimental group and almost half of them
are PT (Higher Education) as many as 23 people (46%) in the control group. According
to Lestari (2018), the mother's education level also determines whether it is
easy for someone to absorb and understand the knowledge they gain from family
interests. Education itself is very necessary for someone to be more responsive
to child development problems, one of which is the implementation of toilet training in the family. The level
of education will correlate with the level of knowledge. Where mothers
who have good knowledge about toilet training will have an impact on the
mother's early toilet training , this has a positive impact on both
mother and child, namely that the child can carry out toilet training
independently.
The jobs of
almost half of the civil servant respondents were 14 people (28%) in the
experimental group and the control group. Based on this data, it shows the
economic condition of the parents. Good parental economics can
provide adequate facilities to support children's needs in toilet training (Rahayu,
2021).
2.
Identify characteristics
of toddler age children at PKM Woha Kab. Bima in 2023
Based on table
2, in the experimental group and control group, the majority of toddler age
children were in the age range of 24-36 months, 32 children (64%) in the
experimental group, and 33 children (66%) in the control group, and the gender
of the children in the experimental group. The experimental group was mostly
female with 31 children (62%) and in the control group there were 29 children
(58%). In implementing toilet training, social
maturity is one of the supporting aspects. According to the research results of
Dewi & Argadireja (2019), one of the factors that influence social maturity
is age and gender, where boys tend to be slower when it comes to toilet training.
3.
Identify mother's
previous knowledge, attitudes, actions and abilities And after given video
modeling intervention
Based on table
3, it was found that the majority of mothers' pre-test knowledge before being
given toilet training video modeling was
in the medium category, namely 31 people (62%) in the experimental group and 30
people (60%) in the control group.
Based on this
data, respondents No Enough
know and answer with Correct question
which given. Category
the medium indicated by the
achievement of low scores on several aspects of questions regarding understanding toilet training, the normal age limit for bedwetting in children,
the right age for toilet training, and the age limit for
children being able to express the desire to urinate small. Respondents in the control and treatment groups had never
received health education about toilet training either through electronic media
or verbal media. According to Sidik (2015), the role of information media is
important in forming a person's knowledge in understanding health problems.
Lack of information or inaccurate information will affect knowledge. Increased
exposure to information from this type of media will encourage individual
interest in gaining an understanding.
According to
Soetjiningsih (2012), the factors that influence the level of independence of
preschool children are divided into two, namely internal factors and external
factors. Internal factors are factors that exist within the child himself,
including emotions and intellectuals. This emotional factor is shown by the
ability to control emotions and not disturb parents' emotional needs, while the
intellectual factor is shown by the ability to overcome various problems faced.
Meanwhile, external factors are factors that come or exist from outside the
child himself. These factors include the environment, social characteristics,
stimulation of loving and affectionate parenting, the quality of information
from children and parents, education and employment status of parents. In
general, these factors are closely related to the mother's ability to teach her
child to toilet train. One of the participant modeling therapy strategies
(Fitri & Khairunnisa, 2016).
The success of
toilet training intervention in children will have physical and psychological
effects. Understanding the skills needed for successful toilet training and a
good approach to children can help reduce stress and can help parents know what
parents should do.
Children who
have never been properly trained in toilet training can develop enuresis, UTIs,
urinary dysfunction, constipation, encopresis and refusal to go to the toilet
more often. Toilet training is one of the tasks of child development and one of
the challenges for parents and children. One of the goals of toilet training is
to train children to become independent (Andriani et al, 2014).
Modeling
participants in the intervention group basically teaches patients about the
skills and rules of toilet training behavior, in addition to serving as a
reminder or cue for patients to carry out toilet training behavior. In
behavioral therapy modeling participants' independent toilet training behavior
can be improved by learning new behavior methods through observing a model,
adding information through cognitive processes and producing changes in
behavior according to what is modeled, namely independent toilet training
behavior. This is in line with Nursalim's (2009) description of the 4 basic
components in participant modeling that can form a new behavior, namely: (1)
Rational, this process involves learning cognitively and through logic of new
behavior, (2) Model demonstration, model demonstrating one part of the ability,
(3) Guided participation, after the behavior demonstration, the client is given
the opportunity and guidance to display the modeled behavior, (4) Experience of
success as reinforcement of behavior. This research is in line with research
conducted by Kartika Fatmawati, et al (2020) entitled "The effect of
animation on mother's ability in preparing toilet in toddler" which states
that the level of readiness of mothers in carrying out toilet training
(knowledge, attitudes, actions) and children Children's ability in toilet
training at Flamboyan and Delima Posyandu after being given the animated video
modeling intervention experienced a significant increase in knowledge and action
variables.
4.
Analyze knowledge Mother before And after given intervention modelling videos
Based on table
3, it was found that the majority of mothers' pre-test knowledge before being
given toilet training video modeling was
in the medium category, namely 31 people (62%) in the experimental group with
an average pre-test score of 4.68 with a standard deviation of 1,168 and as
many as 30 people (60%) in the control group with an average pre-test score of
4.66 with a standard deviation of 1.171. Respondents did not have enough
knowledge and answered the questions given correctly. The medium category is
indicated by achieving low scores on several aspects of questions regarding the
meaning of toilet training, the normal age limit for wetting a child's bed, the
appropriate age for toilet training, and the age limit for a child being able
to express the desire to urinate.
Respondents in
the control and treatment groups had never previously received health education
about toilet training either through electronic media or verbal media.
According to Sidik (2015), the role of information media is important in
forming a person's knowledge in understanding health problems. Lack of
information or inaccurate information will greatly affect knowledge. Increased
exposure to information from this type of media will encourage individual
interest in gaining understanding. As for the treatment group, after being
given intervention in the form of animated
video modeling, the researchers conducted a post test on respondents with
the results of the post test score experiencing a significant increase, namely
being in the good category. Providing animated
video modeling intervention had an effect on respondents by showing an
increase in scores from pre-test to post-test.
The research
results of Nurfajriyati, et al (2016) showed that mothers' knowledge about toilet training in the treatment group
was higher because video modeling gave
rise to motivation and desires through the models in the video, then processed
in the respondents' minds and the information was transferred to reality in
everyday life. Video modeling can
connect the senses of sight and hearing so that the brain will provide a
stronger response than one active sense. This will affect the natural ability
to remember so that a person's thinking ability increases. Providing video modeling learning media makes the
process of absorbing information more interesting, thereby giving mothers who
have toddler- aged children the
opportunity to understand more about the developmental tasks that must be
achieved in children, in this case toilet
training , so that mothers can early identify their child's readiness for
the toilet. Training and get
solutions to possible problems arise consequence toilet training on child toddlers.
The results of
demographic data show that on average respondents have a history of tertiary
education. Notoatmodjo (2014) stated that knowledge increased when the learning process itself is
influenced by education. The higher it is The
level of a person's education makes it easier for that person to receive
information Good from person other meupon media mass so that
increasingly Lots also knowledge Which obtained. Enhancement knowledge This in accordance with study Fitria,
Ida, et al (2016)
that background behind education person old is something element
education that influences parents to set an example, guide and directing their children to go through
development phases optimally. Parents
with a high educational background are more likely to sensitive to change,
development, and problem
which currently faced child. With background behind
education which tall,
person old can absorb information so choose the right method in guiding and motivating children for improve
cognitive abilities. Meanwhile, in the post test in the control group,
the score still showed it was in the poor category even though it had been
previously given similar health
education uses booklet media without being explained clearly details
handle information about toilet training. In research Kurnianingsih (2019) revealed that to increase knowledge need given method
learning education health
which interesting so that
can involve all over five sense moment process learning. Intervention using the booklet media provided only form writing and picture which simple so
that only involve senses just sight.
5.
Analyze the mother's attitude before
And after given intervention modelling videos
In the
attitude variable before being given toilet
training video modeling, the majority of respondents were in the sufficient
category, 32 people (64%) in the experimental group with an average pre-test
score of 27.54 with a standard deviation of 5,195 and 32 people (64%) in the
control group. with an average pre-test score of 27.54 with a standard
deviation of 5.195.
In the
treatment and control groups, most of the respondents in the pre-test had a
negative category level which was indicated by aspects of questions answered
incorrectly, namely aspects regarding still letting the child wet the bed,
still wearing clothes that are difficult to remove, not being able to remind
the child to urinate according to the time, and still wearing diapers at night.
Almost all respondents had never received information before, either through
electronic mass media or from social media. Rusmiati & Hastono, (2015)
stated that attitudes are formed starting from knowledge that is perceived as
something which positive
nor negative, Then in internalize it within oneself. If someone
is able to perceive with Already
own knowledge Which
Good And positive
so attitude the will well formed too, but if someone
perceives it with negative, in other
words, because of lack of knowledge, the attitude will be appear
or formed too negative
action.
In the post test group
treatment show that all
over respondents experienced an increase in positive
attitudes and no respondents were in negative
attitude. This is because respondents were given intervention form
animation video modeling. Kartika
et al., (2016) in their research stated that
the success of toilet training using modeling techniques is more effective compared to use technique orally Because superiority from technique
modeling , namely that it can be seen and imitated by respondents.
This statement is in accordance with Nursalam's
opinion, (2017) is that toddlers prefer to
imitate things done by person other,
especially member his family. Mother which given modelling
animated videos can provide good training through imitation of the steps step
Which There is in videos. Child
will faster understand something which new with method
see other people doing it.
Study Ningsih,
(2012) state that exists influence modelling video on improving mothers' attitudes
towards carrying out toilet training is
wrong the other is caused by age. Based
on data on the demographic characteristics of respondents it is known that the
age of the respondents in the treatment group was the highest 26-30 years old so it is easy to accept
the information conveyed. Age 25-30
years is the age of early adulthood where critical thinking skills increase
regularly during age this. Experience education formal and informality, life experience, and opportunities
for work can enhance draft self, ability finish problem, and And
Skills motor individual. The decision-making process in
early adulthood must be meaningful flexible. Matter
This caused Because
period mature beginning Keep going develop And must involved in changes of home, workplace
and mid. Post test results after being given toilet training video modeling, most of the mothers' attitudes were
in the good category, as many as 34 people (68%) in the experimental group with
an average post-test score of 44.36 with a standard deviation of 8.007 and as
many as 32 people (64%) with a The post-test average is 40.52 with a standard
deviation of 9.163. This shows that there is an increase in attitude after
being given treatment.
The highest
score results are in all aspects
except the aspect of using tools such as dolls or toys for practice
child Want to throw away water (question no 3) in toilet And put
on pants/clothes that are difficult to take off (question number 6). The data
shows there is increase knowledge
so that influential also on enhancement attitude respondents.
Meanwhile, for the control group post test,
there was an improvement in attitude with show that part big respondents still constant show a negative attitude. This negative attitude
can be caused by influence intervention Which given, that is
media booklet Which containing steps It's
simple in the form of short writing and pictures so it doesn't cause any
confusion interest respondents For increase intention
For behave Which positive.
6.
Analyze actions Mother before And after given intervention modelling videos
In the
maternal action variable, the majority of respondents were in the sufficient
category, 32 people (64%) in the experimental group with an average pre-test
score of 27.54 with a standard deviation of 5.195 and 32 people (64%) in the
control group with an average score. pre-test 27.40 with a standard deviation
of 5.264. This shows that the majority of respondents were in the treatment and
control groups in the pre-test own level action Enough with he
showed aspect What was answered incorrectly was the aspect of getting children
used to washing their hands after eating toilet, offer child to toilet before
O'clock throw away water small, And do toilet training at night. Things that
influence parents' actions implementing
toilet training for toddlers is an experience gained, in this case the experience gained from
learning. All respondents in the
treatment group had never previously received information and guidance education health health handle toilet training.
According to Kurnianingsih, (2019) in his research state that toilet training
requires parental commitment, this is due to the toilet training process It's quite troublesome and tiring
because parents have to be alert when carrying their children who want to defecate/defecate in the
toilet, clean the floor when the child wets the bed because he doesn't use diapers,
he often has to wake up at night so hear The
child is restless and wants to defecate. After being given intervention to the
treatment group, it showed that some
respondents experienced increased action in implementation toilet training
in a way Good and no
there is respondents Which Still in category not enough. After being given toilet training video modeling, a post
test was carried out, most of the mothers' actions were in the good category,
as many as 34 people (68%) in the experimental group with an average post-test
score of 44.36 with a standard deviation of 8.007 and as many as 33 people
(66%) in the control with an average post-test score of 37.34 with a standard
deviation of 7.102.
This
improvement includes mothers teaching the terms defecation, dressing clothes that are easy to remove, take the
child to the bathroom if there is a sensation
defecating, sitting/squatting the child in the bathroom when defecating, give praise to children, get them into the
habit of washing their hands after defecating, and do toilet training at
night. The mother's actions can increase this
occurs because of the information conveyed via video media respondents. According to According
to Langford (2018) Audio visual depend
on hearing and seeing the target. The
use of audio visuals involves all the
learning sense organs, so that more and more sense organs are involved for accept and process information, the more big possibility fill information it can
understood and maintained in
memory. Apart from the information conveyed through video modeling, this
increase in action is also due to several factors, namely maternal education most of which are PT where the higher the
mother's education level the easier
it will be to master the material. The correct actions when toilet training a child will be reduce parents' worries, so that
child gets ability toilet training in accordance with
developmental tasks.
Meanwhile ,
the control group post test showed
that the respondents has increased
action to be good but remains mostly constant
in level Enough showed with No exists change score from answer respondents in a way
significant. Respondent Which is
at in level not enough indicated by several aspects that were
still answered incorrectly, namely the no aspect invite child to toilet before O'clock throw away water small, No show use toilets according to gender, and do
not wait until the child is born feel
comfortable to urinate independently. The interventions provided are limited form leaflets which containing steps toilet training accompanied explanation short and picture.
So that, intervention the No give effect trigger
respondents to improve toilet training actions/practices.
7.
Analyze abilities toilet training child before And after �giving intervention modeling videos on Mother
In the child
ability variable, the majority of respondents were in the sufficient category,
34 people (68%) in the experimental group with an average pre-test score of
16.88 with a standard deviation of 2.833 and 30 people (60%) in the control
group with an average score. pre-test 16.48 with a standard deviation of 2.929.
Then, after being given toilet training
video modeling, a post test was carried out, most of the mothers' attitudes
were in the good category, 37 people (74%) in the experimental group with an
average post-test score of 26.42 with a standard deviation of 3,737 and 30
people (60%) in the control group with an average post-test score of 22.60 with
a standard deviation of 4.969. This means that through toilet training video modeling, it can help improve children's toilet training abilities. After
being given video media modeling
intervention, the level of toilet
training ability was mostly in the good category.
This
research is in line with Alvionita et al., (2019) that there was an increase in
respondents' toilet training abilities after being given training. The
results show that there is development of toilet training abilities in
mentally retarded children after watching video media modeling. Supported by research by Kuo et al., (2019) that video
media modeling can attract children's interest and focus in watching videos or toilet
training skills demonstrated by the models in the video. In line with
Wiana's statement (2018) which states that �Media in learning has a function
as a tool to clarify the message conveyed by the teacher". It can be
concluded that media is a tool to clarify learning. According to Febriani &
Irdawarni (2019), the use and provision of media during learning makes it very
easy for students to understand the subject matter, namely material that is
abstract and becomes concrete. Supported by Fahrurozi et al., (2017) that
multimedia is used to make lessons more interesting and at the same time
provide students with real examples of how multimedia works. Even though the
respondents were not completely able to do it themselves, there were changes in
a positive direction in improving children's abilities.
According
to Parulian et al., (2020), children's abilities are influenced by several
factors, including the child's interests, the child's experience, the child's
environment, and the
development of the child's abilities. Toilet training is said
to be successful if the stages of toilet training can be fulfilled or
known to the child, such as conveying the desire to urinate or defecate, taking
off and wearing his own trousers, cleaning himself, flushing and washing his
hands after urinating and defecating. This research is in line with research by
Aziz (2018) with a p-value of 0.000 which shows the strength of the level of
correlation between the influences of video media modeling on increasing toilet
training abilities in mentally retarded children. This is also supported by
research by Saragih & Andayani (2019) which shows the strength of the level
of correlation between family support and the social skills abilities of deaf
children.
The higher the
mother's knowledge, attitudes and actions have an influence also on when the mother implements toilet training on child. Wong et al., (2009)
ability child in a way
optimal will obtained
if there is interaction Which positive between
person old especially Mother And child.
Imposing Children getting toilet training skills from an early age
will have an impact negative for both
the child and the parents, especially if the child is not above it formerly
identified its readiness. Indrawati, (2010) state that most
children will gain toilet training skills
by the second year. At this stage
too, children will imitate the behavior of other people around them and this is learning
process.
CONCLUSION
This
research confirms that the application of video modeling makes a positive
contribution to various aspects of toilet training readiness in toddler-aged
children. The results of the research show that the use of video modeling
significantly increases mothers' knowledge regarding toilet training, improves
mothers' attitudes in facing this stage, encourages changes in actions taken by
mothers, and overall improves toilet training abilities in toddler-aged
children. Thus, these findings highlight the potential of video modeling as an
effective strategy in strengthening the preparation of mothers and children for
the toilet training process at toddler age.
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