Darmawati
Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Master of Education in
Indonesian Language and Literature, Mulawarman University, Indonesia
Email: [email protected]
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Keywords: |
ABSTRACT |
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Interpretation, Values, Lontara Latoa,
Character, Hermeneutics |
This study aims to
interpret the educational values in Lontara Latoa and their relevance to the
Pancasila Student Profile in shaping the character of students in a State
Islamic Senior High School. The data used comprises dialogues within Lontara
Latoa containing moral messages. The research results identify educational
values such as honesty, intelligence, religiousness, resilience, national
spirit, social concern, and love for the homeland within the messages between
Kajao Laliddo and Arungmpone. Data collection employed reading, note-taking,
and documentation with a hermeneutic approach. This research is
descriptive-qualitative, providing a descriptive data explanation regarding
the educational values within Lontara Latoa. The findings demonstrate that the
dialogues in Lontara Latoa reflect values such as honesty, religiosity,
intelligence, national spirit, social concern, and love for the homeland.
These values are relevant to the Pancasila Student Profile, particularly in
terms of faith, noble behavior, critical thinking, cooperation, global
diversity, and creativity. The study suggests the need for further
exploration of cultural diversity in Indonesia and in-depth research into
educational values within ancient texts such as Lontara Latoa. |
Lontara is an ancient
text or manuscript that is very important to be preserved and re-excavated by
future generations, because lontara is a cultural relic of our ancestors
which is currently of little interest or little known among our society. In
fact, when examined, these manuscripts contain messages and the history of the
development of a very national civilization which contains many values or norms
which are still very relevant to the current condition of society in
communicating and building systems of social interaction and character
formation. community groups if they can be conveyed, preserved, socialized and
then continuously transformed as characteristics and character of our nation (Adin, 2020).
Apart from
that, guided by Law Number 11 of 2010 concerning Cultural Heritage, ancient
manuscripts including Lontara are categorized as ancestral cultural heritage if
they have the characteristics of being a cultural heritage based on opinion
(Bahar & Mathar, 2015), as stated in Chapter III article 5 , namely: a) aged 50
(fifty years) or more, b) represents a life span of at least 50 years, c) has a
special meaning) has special significance for history, science, education,
religion and/or culture, d) has cultural value for strengthening the nation's personality.
Before the emergence of modern technology like today, ancient manuscripts were
distributed. Lontara or ancient manuscripts are information from the past
written in various types of media according to the era of civilization (Nurrahma, 2021). The government's
seriousness towards Lontara as well as other ancient manuscripts which are
often found in various regions, will be able to help in the preservation and
existence of Lontara and ancient manuscripts in this day and age.
Furthermore,
as the current generation, especially in today's digital era, we cannot just
close our eyes and not care. One concrete step, if you don't want to lose out
in cultural development, is to try to bring in students and the world of
education who understand culture in accordance with current developments and
are also not left behind with information from the past. (Nurnaningsih, 2015).
Furthermore,
according to (Andyani, 2013), the cultural
characteristics and diversity that govern society are slowly starting to shift
and fade. Culture is fading and the mother tongue is starting to become rare
and even not used because the next generation, as the hope of the nation, is
unable to preserve its culture and the language of its own region. Especially
the loss of educational and cultural values that were maintained by our
ancestors long ago and various forms of inherited values that are starting to become
unpopular and abandoned. The customs or culture of a tribe are the basis or
rules for its people in carrying out all their daily activities (Husain, 2018). One part of the
culture that the Bugis tribe, which is now spread throughout the archipelago,
and even abroad, continues to strive to preserve is the language and values
that it continuously strives to maintain.
The existence
of Lontara is maintained and preserved by the Bugis community because Lontara is
related to norms or rules, customs, habits in a social environment which later
the community must carry out according to traditions in whatever area they are
in (Suryani, 2010). Apart from that, the view according to (Fairlough, 2010) is that in various
discourse contexts, a script relates to language use in a particular culture .
A manuscript will also be related to the interpretation of the meaning of a
text, and the customs in society's culture. Character in society, and culture
too determine goals and meaning a script.
Character
formation in Madrasas has basically been applied to students for a long time.
For the Indonesian people, many efforts have been made to develop education and
character formation using various terms and methods (Yunus, 2018).
Seeing how
important it is to preserve ancient manuscripts, especially Lontara Latoa
because they contain many moral messages and norms of life, in order to
maintain their existence, they need to be preserved by studying and
interpreting the values contained in these ancient manuscripts, which is expected
to provide a comparison. Or a benchmark in the process of character formation
for students or for the current generation. Therefore, the author will discuss
the value of education in the Latoa lontara and its relevance in forming the
character of students at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Bontang, in relation to the
dimensions of the Pancasila student profile to produce students and alumni who
have noble character and morals and have achievements and abilities in the
field academic and non-academic.
In this research,
the problem formulation is regarding the interpretation of educational values
in Lontara Latoa and their relevance to the Pancasila student profile in
shaping student character at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Bontang. The aim of the
research is to interpret the educational values in Lontara Latoa and assess
their relevance to the Pancasila student profile in shaping student character
at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Bontang. The benefit of this research lies in its
theoretical contribution, providing a deeper understanding of the educational
values in Lontara Latoa and their relationship with the formation of student
character. Practically, the results of this research are useful for readers,
literature lovers, the general public, and other researchers for thinking,
research, and preserving regional culture and languages.
In this research, the
type of research used is descriptive-qualitative with descriptive explanation
of the data. This research adopts a hermeneutical approach. The research
location was carried out at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Bontang, East Kalimantan
Province, which is located in an area with many Bugis tribes. The research
period lasted for 4 months, from August to December 2022. The main data source
was written text in the form of the Lontara Manuscript which contains dialogue
from characters in pappaseng or messages. Data collection techniques involve
reading, note-taking and documentation techniques. Data analysis uses a
qualitative descriptive approach, which involves data reduction, data
presentation, as well as drawing conclusions and verification. The validity of
the data is guaranteed through triangulation techniques, peer checking through
discussion, and checking referential adequacy.
The
results of this research are the educational values found in Lontara Latoa,
namely containing the values of honesty (alempureng) found in Kajao Laliddong's
conversation with Arumpone. This is clearly illustrated in Kajao Laliddong's
explanation to Arumpone about how a leader must always be honest in both words
and deeds.
The
Lontara'Latoa manuscript that the author read was written in Lontara script
which has been transliterated and translated in the form of a conversation or
dialogue between the king and Kajao laliddo, which contains 9 parts of sayings
or advice from the kings to the Bugis people or tribe at that time, namely, one
of them was in the form of a question and answer or dialogue between Kajao
Laliddong and Arumpone (King of Bone) at that time, which was called La
Tenri Rawe Bongkangnge. Furthermore, after reading and understanding
carefully the manuscript and translation of Lontara' Latoa, namely Kajao
Laliddong's conversation with Arumpone, the author can describe and
explain that basically pappaseng in the manuscript is conveyed in two
forms, namely in the form of dialogue or conversation and in the form of warekkada
, namely expressions. Or proverb. (Rawe, 2020) . Here's the quote;
1.
Dialogue that contains the value of honesty
There
is four mark main honesty
in public The Bugis guidelines for
determining these values in the Latoa lontara are: (a) forgive
people
who have done bad things to them; (b) if
you believe
it, of course not cheating, It means
to believe and not lie;
(c) not
greedy if it is not his right; And (d) No looking a
good
thing if only For himself,
for him he
will be
named later kind when enjoyed together.
Apart from that there is also some examples Which
shows
that honesty means : not
taking other people's things , not doing work without permission
from
the owner or the rightful person , not taking which is not his
.
In
essence, educational values such as honesty and intelligence are characters or
attitudes that cannot be separated. Someone who has a good ability or level of
intelligence certainly understands this form of character as part of their
self-development to realize a more honest attitude in everyday life.
Being
honest and telling the truth is the difference between a believer and a
hypocrite, which a leader must or must have, because with honesty the country
will be prosperous. Having an honest and truthful nature is one of the criteria
for a pious person. In this regard, Islam commands people to always be honest.
So the values of honesty in carrying out all affairs in Lontara Latoa have a
very strong relationship with character formation in students. And it is
relevant to the dimensions of the Pancasila student profile in the first part,
namely having faith, being devoted to God Almighty and having noble morals,
2.
Religious Values
Religious
is actually a human attitude or action regarding his belief in Allah SWT which
is carried out continuously in life which is related to his existence or
existence as a human or as a creature created by Allah. This is related to
attitudes as living creatures, individual creatures and social creatures.
3.
Intellectual Value
Intelligence
is related to intelligence that is intellectual, spiritual and emotional. And
intelligence is also related to the intelligence that a person has from the
start, while intelligence is closely related to a person's ability to adapt to
their environment.
4.
Value of Firmness and Responsibility
The
value of steadfastness in lontara' Latoa contained in Kajao Laliddong's
conversation with Arumpone is adhering to customs, promises, words and being
responsible for the trust given. Teguh which means Getteng in the patterns and attitudes
of the Bugis community is an attitude that always adheres to its stance
towards what is believed to be the truth. The attitude of getting can also be
called the attitude of istiqamah. Istiqamah or getting in Lontara Latoa becomes
an internalized necessity in a leader.
5.
The value of the National Spirit
National
spirit is a character, trait or behavior that must be possessed by society or
every citizen to be more nationalistic and patriotic. If you have a national
spirit, you will prioritize the interests of the nation and state rather than
the interests of yourself or your group. This attitude aims to uphold justice
and truth and to avoid threats to the state, both from outside and within the
state itself. By having the character of a national spirit in every citizen,
the integrity of the country can be guaranteed, but it must still be
strengthened by unity.
6.
Social Care Values
Social
values or kinship and affection are not only manifested within the family
sphere, namely between parents and children, siblings or close relatives.
However, family values and affection can also be realized in a larger and
broader scope, namely within the state.
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In this discussion section, the author
explains the results of observations and discussions from the interpretation of
educational values in Lontara Latoa and their relevance to character formation
at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Bontang which is in accordance with the Pancasila
Student Profile Dimensions.
1.
Values Values of honesty
Honesty
is a character that we must have as social creatures to achieve success in
various things. Honesty will be followed by an attitude or character other than
hard work, diligently trying to get a better future. Therefore, you should
realize that honesty is very important in living this cycle of life. Honesty
must be a solid foundation, because basically honesty will be the source of all
goodness.
The manifestation
of honesty is an attitude that is straight, brave, and stating the truth or not
saying inappropriate words, because it will violate an event that occurred or
existing facts. Honest character is expected to be improved and must be
possessed by every individual in any case, whether in terms of words or the way
they act or act. And this trait is the basis of a person's character which
gives birth to trust.
In
Lontara Latoa we also found several dialogues that contain the value of
honesty, namely in the form of messages and calls to carry out actions that do
not take away other people's rights and do not forget an agreement. So it can
be explained that the value
of honesty has been highly respected since ancient times, which has always been
preached to society, both for children and adults. And this honest character
was used as a source of value for human intelligence or society in ancient
times. Smart people are people who prioritize honesty in themselves.
The call or
message contained in Lontara Latoa is very relevant to today's
education, especially in the implementation of the Merdeka curriculum in the
formation of student character through the Pancasila student profile, namely in
the Dimensions of Faith, Fear of God Almighty, and Noble Morals, namely
elements of personal morals that express that noble morals are manifested in
students' affection and attention to themselves. He realizes that maintaining
his own well-being is important at the same time as looking after other people
and caring for the environment around him. Love, care, respect and self-respect
are manifested in an attitude of integrity, namely displaying actions that are
consistent with what is said and thought. Because they maintain their honor,
Pancasila students are honest, fair, humble, act and behave respectfully. He
always tries to develop and introspect himself to become a better person every
day.
The message
about honesty in Lontara Latoa is relevant to the Merdeka Curriculum through
the formation of Pancasila student character, related to activities carried out
at school to form independent, honest and responsible individuals. The
Pancasila Student Profile is a character and ability that is applied in
students' daily lives and is developed for each individual student through intracurricular
and extracurricular learning.
Honesty can
also be applied through actions or attitudes that always say something that is
true because honesty is proof of the intelligence or intelligence of a person
or leader. Apart from that, honesty can be realized by a leader, both in the
world of education and outside the world of education, who always tells
students to respect each other and be honest with friends and other people.
This is also in line with the message of previous people (tau Riolo) in Lontara
Latoa, namely that true intentions are those that rely on courage, and courage
is those that rely on true intentions, then if these two kinds of actions are
carried out by a leader, shows good deeds if they are based on honesty.
Apart from
that, the message in Lotara Latoa explains that if you want something to be
done by many people, for example a boat, if you like to ride it, that is what
you load for other people, which is what is called honest. This saying explains
that an honest attitude in treating a human being is very important. And it all
starts with intention. If you have the intention to develop yourself as a
student, the path to success will be open. This character also reflects
intelligence.
2.
Intellectual Value
The value of
intelligence in this research is a condition of being able to recognize and
adapt quickly and understand the surrounding situation to face a challenge that
can broaden one's insight into life so that the insight and experience gained
provides various knowledge. And people who have knowledge and experience can
always understand the various life problems they encounter. Not only
intelligence in attitude and behavior, but also intelligence in speaking to
other people, because a person's words reflect a person's behavior or attitude.
Scholars
prefer correct actions and words. When faced with difficulties, they will think
it over carefully and be careful in carrying out an action. An intellectual
also means a sincere person, whose mind is always searching until he finds
solutions to the problems he faces as well as actions that are the source of
disaster and the source of goodness.
In line with
what was expressed in Kajao Laliddo's message to Arungmpone which contains the
lomtara Latoa dapal that proof of intelligence is action. As for what action is
meant. Namely ignoring bad words and good words. This means that when listening
to a word, whether it is a good word or a bad word, it is best to first
consider the direction or intent and purpose. In this conversation, the value of
intelligence or intelligence is reflected, because someone who is able to weigh
or think about an action means having the ability to think critically and able
to think ahead about everything they face in life.
The dialogue
between Kajao Laliddo and Arungmpone contains the educational values proclaimed
by the Ministry of Education. Namely how to think, behave and act in a way that
equally assesses the rights and obligations of oneself and others. This
character will display an intelligent attitude.
This is the
case with Arumpone's message to Kajao Laliddo that all actions and words are
considered for their good and bad or the cause and effect, then the action is
analyzed and then carried out, and a great leader must be good at language or
constructing sentences and explaining everything clearly. Therefore, in the
dialogue between Kajao Laliddong and Arumpone, it is explained how someone who
is considered intelligent, whether a leader or society in general, certainly
has the ability to think about all things or problems both before and after
they occur. And always weigh the pros and cons of a situation by reflecting on
the times or circumstances that have passed or have occurred to come to a
conclusion or decision. .
This character
is in line with the formation of the Pancasila student character in the Merdeka
Curriculum, in the critical reasoning dimension, namely
that students or students who reason critically are able to objectively process
information both qualitative and quantitative, build relationships between
various information, analyze information, evaluate and conclude.
According to
Kajao Laliddo's message in Lontara Latoa, he explains that people who are good
at pronouncing or using sentences are people who are not wrong in thinking and
doing an action, because it will be conveyed in clear and understandable
sentences. Then continued by Kajao Laliddo that someone
who is considered intelligent, whether a leader or society in general, is one
who has the ability to think about things both before and after they happen.
And always weigh the pros and cons of a situation by reflecting on the times or
circumstances that have passed or have occurred to come to a conclusion or
decision.
Apart from
that, Arumpone's message to Kajao Laliddo explained that, when making a
decision, it should be based on past experience so that an equation is taken to
determine a decision. And in the Pancasila Student Profile, in the
sub-elements, analyzing and evaluating reasoning. It is explained that
Pancasila students use their reasoning in accordance with the rules of science
and logic in making decisions and actions by analyzing and evaluating the ideas
and information they obtain. He is able to explain relevant and accurate
reasons in solving problems and making decisions. Finally, he can prove his
reasoning with various arguments in reaching a conclusion or decision.
The
implementation of the explanation that has been outlined is that Pancasila
students can analyze and evaluate their reasoning based on their reasoning
power and are able to explain appropriate or relevant reasons. This reflects
the intellectual values possessed by students which are in line with the
Pancasila student profile. ����� -
3. Religious
Values
Religious is a
character value that is directly related to the creator, namely God Which Maha One.
Religious values are values related to everything related to religious or
religious life. One of them is the relationship that regulates all human
actions with God. Religious values are also related to life in the world, as
are other values such as culture and social.
Religious
values lead to a person's devotion and compliance in believing and carrying out
the commands of religious teachings in accordance with the religion that has
been adhered to, including How someone behaves and treats other people well life
side by side and respect each other with adherents of other religions and
mutual respect and tolerance towards adherents of other religions and beliefs other
in life daily. Furthermore, if these religious values are linked to the
teachings of the Islamic religion, then these religious values are very
important and are very important. Religious values are attitudes and behavior
that are obedient to the teachings of the Islamic religion to always worship,
because humans' duty as servants of Allah is to serve Him.
The religious
values found in Lontara Latoa with the formation of student characters that are
in accordance with the Pancasila Student profile are when Arumpone asked Kajao
Laliddo about signs of rice fertility in an area, because rice fertility is
believed to be a sign of the prosperity of a country, namely: first, if Arung
Mangkau (king)' is honest, secondly, if all orders (from Allah) are obeyed by
Arung Mangkau' (King) as well as his spokesperson or trusted person, and the
people in the country are always united.
The dialogue
between Arumpone and Ajao Laliddo contains religious values, with the emphasis
that a country will experience prosperity if honesty becomes the basis of
actions and obedience in carrying out the commands of Allah SWT. The
application of religion to human life is through the implementation of worship
as a form of obedience of a servant. And the way humans communicate with God as
the creator of everything on earth, and that is the source of inner peace and
happiness in life.
The sanctity
of religion for humans shows that humans cannot be separated from the essence
of belief in religion because religion is a necessity for life. The emergence
of a sense of sincerity, friendliness, love, sacrifice and other forms of
nature originates from religion, so that the human need for religion cannot be
replaced by technological advancement capabilities. As explained in the profile
of Pancasila students in the dimensions of Faith, Devotion to God Almighty, and
Noble Character, Pancasila Students always practice and reflect Islamic
qualities in every action in everyday life, to shape the students' character.
Obedience to Allah SWT will be the basis for the implementation of worship,
especially in carrying out the five daily prayers and other forms of worship.
Apart from
that, Pancasila students also actively participate in religious events and
continue to maintain their faith and understand deeply the teachings, history,
important figures in their religion and beliefs. Such activities will further
increase students' faith in achieving happiness in the hereafter. As Kajao
Laliddo said, if you want a big and prosperous country, what you must maintain
is honesty and devotion to Allah SWT.
Next is the
message from Tau Matoa or respected elders in an area that guard your heart,
its direction, don't set your fellow human beings on bad terms, because you
will definitely be bad, even if your actions are good, because good actions
will not lead to a bad heart. A good heart cannot be created from bad actions.
So if your heart is bad, the badness will spread to your descendants.
The message
explains that we must always guard our hearts towards others, and must not let
our hearts be full of evil or hatred. Because if the heart is full of evil or
hatred, then even if good deeds are done, the results will also be bad and
other people will still think they are bad. And that badness will be passed on
to the next generation or descendants. Riolo's message or pappaseng tau, is
very true because humans are created to always have a sincere, pure heart, care
for others, like to help and always aim at goodness. Such an attitude is a
religious teaching that must be implemented in everyday life.
In line with Tau
Riolo's pappaseng, one can see the connection between the Pancasila student
philosophy and the dimension of noble character, the element of morals towards
humans. Pancasila students are also always empathetic, caring, generous and
compassionate towards other people, especially those who are weak or oppressed.
Thus, Pancasila students always try to actively help people in need and find
the best solutions to support the continuity of their lives.
Furthermore, Tau
Riolo's message in Lontara Latoa is that if you have children or have a family,
be honest with yourself, because if what you do is a bad act, it will be passed
on to your descendants. And your bad actions are what your children use as a
mirror. Unless you are honest with yourself, you improve your actions, you
always advise your child, but if he also continues to do bad actions, then that
is what Allah Taala has decreed for your child.
Tau Riolo's message
explains that it is very important to instill an honest attitude in oneself
because it will be an example for future children. Bad attitudes will be passed
on directly to them if they don't try to improve them. However, sometimes good
traits have been taught but people still behave badly. And if something like
that happens then everything must be returned to Allah SWT. So there is
religious value in this message, because actually humans can only try but God
decides. And it is also relevant to the formation of the character of Pancasila
students that Pancasila students can know the characteristics of God and
appreciate that the essence of His characteristics is love and compassion. He
is also aware that he is a creature who has received a mandate from God as a
leader on earth who has the responsibility to love and care for himself, fellow
humans and nature, as well as carrying out His commands and avoiding His
prohibitions. Therefore, as students, they should always set an example of good
deeds to others, because when they have children, they will also imitate the
actions they have done.
4. Values of steadfastness and responsibility
Teguh or in Bugis language it is said to be getteng
is something that must be firm and consistent, namely an action or attitude
that is brave and confident, always expressing what is right and what is wrong, an
attitude that always expresses what is real according to the action. If it is
false then it is said to be false, if it is true then it is said to be true
regardless of the circumstances or to whom a word is said and all can be
accounted for.
The value of
Firmness is the ability to control oneself in following one's own desires.
Determination can be a driving force for motivation, so that you don't easily
give up when facing challenges in achieving your hopes or goals. Not only is it
related to having motivation or determination to achieve something,
determination also involves controlling your thought patterns and daily habits.
A person who has a firm character always takes responsibility for all his
actions.
There are
several attitudes that reflect the value of steadfastness, including: having a
firm stance, not easily wavering in upholding principles and always being
responsible for every action and thing that is said. Apart from that, he is not
easily influenced by things that are considered untrue, honest and always
responsible when given a mandate.
As for the
values of steadfastness and responsibility found in Lontara Latoa, namely when
Arumpone asked Kajao Laliddo that which one is called someone
who does not forget a true saying. And according to Kajao Laliddo, someone
who does not forget a true word is a believer who does not forget his true
words and does not forget the words that have been spoken. Arumpone's dialogue
with Kajao Laliddong contains the value of steadfastness and having an attitude
of responsibility towards every action taken and discussion that has been
agreed upon. This is in line with character building in students by referring
to strengthening the Pancasila student profile.
In
strengthening the Pancasila student profile, students are expected to have a
character that can be responsible and instill in themselves an attitude that
does not give up easily when faced with challenges and always gets used to
helping each other in goodness, has the determination to help each other and
work together to do things that are right. Well, as described in the Pancasila
student profile, namely the dimension of mutual cooperation with elements of
collaboration, that Pancasila students realize that there is positive interdependence
between other people. Through this awareness, students make optimal
contributions to achieving shared goals and hopes. One example is when they
complete a task that has been given to them, as much as possible, completing it
on time and appreciating the efforts that have been made by other members in
their group. So in the process of building character, students are accustomed
to completing work and always being responsible for everything to achieve their
educational goals.
The firm and
responsible attitude of students that fits the Pacasila student profile is also
an implementation of the values of intelligence and critical reasoning. As
Kajao Laliddong said to Arumpone, an attitude or action is a witness to
intelligence
Furthermore pappaseng
Tau Riolo in Lontara Latoa that there are four kinds of things that cause or
can destroy a country, namely if a king or leader becomes furious without first
asking about the problem that is occurring; second, the persecuted people;
third, the judiciary receiving bribes; fourth, trusted people or subordinates
who reduce or lengthen the words that are mandated. The message conveyed by Tau
Riolo contains the values of steadfastness and responsibility. A leader must
consider the pros and cons of a decision taken, because a leader's decisions
must remain accountable so that there is no regret and justice is upheld, no
one is wronged. And a leader or society should not change the message that is
mandated, neither reduce it nor exaggerate it. And always be firm in the
responsibilities given.
As students,
who are the future successors of the nation, they should have a firm attitude
and be responsible for all their actions. In this way, a good and responsible
character is formed that is in accordance with the Pancasila student profile.
The dimension of noble character, in the element of personal morals, it is
explained that Pancasila Students are also expected to have the qualities;
among other things, be honest, fair, humble, act and behave respectfully. He always
tries to develop and introspect himself to become a better person every day.
Apart from that, students also become people who can always be trusted in their
words, actions and work, are responsible and committed to being loyal to the
teachings of their religion and beliefs as well as human values.
5. Value of
National Spirit
It is very
important to apply the national spirit and spirit of nationalism to students at
school, especially since they are still studying at elementary school level,
because school is a place for education and the formation of a national spirit
for students or the nation's next generation of young people who will hone
their abilities and train themselves. To continue to be diligent in learning so
that they have a strong soul for the sake of their love for their own nation.
The current generation of young people or students will determine the future of
the Indonesian nation in the future. Nationalism, national spirit and love of
the country must be instilled from an early age in children or students. This
aims to ensure that since childhood, children or students have known the
Indonesian people and have a feeling of love for the nation and state
For a nation
that wants to progress in achieving its goals, apart from having a national
spirit and being willing to make sacrifices, it must also be supported by a
high spirit of unity and patriotism. Their spirit of unity and patriotism will
be inherent in them, so that it will carry over into their future lives.
As for the
value of the national spirit found in Lontara Latoa which is related to the
dimensions of the current Pancasila Student Profile, one of them is when Kajao
Laliddo in Lontara Latoa said that there is also ade', O Arumpone,
strengthening the greatness of the Ammangkau' (King) which is also what hinders
the actions of the criminals, that is also the place where weak people lean.
And as for speech, (judiciary), that is what resolves disputes between people
who are in dispute, while rapang (like) that is what builds the relationship
between the state and its people. And if that ade' has been damaged, O
Arumpone, then the greatness of Arung Mangkau (King) will no longer be strong,
the state will also be damaged if that speech (judiciary) is no longer upheld,
the people at large will be damaged if it is no longer maintained neatly, that
is it, O Arumpone, who will be the source of the dispute, the dispute is the
source of the war. That war was the basis for killing each other. That's why, O
Arumpone, maintain/guard the Ade' (norms), speak. As well as rapang, and wari'
(the provisions between rights and obligations).
Kajao
Laliddo's message or pappseng is related to the value of national spirit, which
is one of the values that must be developed in the world of education and has
been proclaimed by the Ministry of Education. It is said in the pappaseng that
a leader, in order for his country to remain strong and prosperous, must be
supported by enforcing existing norms or rules, as a reflection in behavior and
regulating all actions of both leaders and subordinates. Fair character and
thinking before making a decision is a step in facing various challenges.
Students too, their character must be formed through application and
habituation in carrying out various activities at school that can develop good
attitudes or character and noble character, as expected in strengthening the
profile of Pancasila students.
6. Value of
social care
The character
of social care is a person's ability to show understanding towards other people
by treating other people well and pleasantly, with compassion, being generous,
and happy to forgive when there are other people's mistakes. Then Social refers
to the relationship between one person and another, between community groups,
and individuals and community groups. This social element is an individual's
character that appears from birth or arises naturally, therefore, the social
aspect is inherent in the individual which needs to be developed and expanded
in the student's life journey in order to become a mature individual.
These social
values can also be established through kinship relationships or assiajingeng
in Bugis language, which is a kinship node that must be maintained and
cared for in community traditions, as depicted in Lontara Latoa. This kinship
node is one of the goals in this life that must be maintained and guarded to
create goodness for humans. This kindness is to maintain and maintain norms,
maintain and maintain good relations with others. Therefore, kinship or
assiajingneg is very relevant to the concept of character formation, especially
in improving social relations between humans to protect and maintain the nation
and state.
Furthermore,
the social care values found in Lontara Latoa are related to the Pancasila
Student Profile Dimension, including when K ajao Laliddo explains the message
or paseng to arungmpone that the signs of the destruction of a country are if
the king does not love his servants. The message or pappaseng conveyed by Kajao
Laliddo indicates that a leader should have a sense of care for his people,
especially for his subordinates. And a leader should also consider his
subordinates as his own family, so as to create a safe and prosperous country.
If a country is treated unfairly by its king; or do not love their people, the
consequences will be devastating.
In the Kajao
Laliddo dialogue, it is in line with character formation in accordance with the
Pancasila Student profile that students should pay attention and act
proactively to conditions in the physical and social environment. And
responsive to existing conditions in the environment and society to produce
better conditions. He feels and understands what other people feel, fosters concern for others, helps each other and
understands their perspectives, and fosters relationships with people from
various cultures who are an important part of global diversity.
Furthermore,
the message from Tau Riolo in Lontara Latoa says that these are the customs or
norms that apply to a speaker. If there is work that you want to order to be
done or completed, if the work can be divided, then share it with other people
or your subordinates, because if the work is shared, then there are several
benefits. Firstly, the work will be completed quickly, secondly the work will
be carried out carefully, and thirdly it can be known who is really working or
really helping. Fourthly, don't be jealous of each other. And if something is
finished first, don't add new work to it. Later everything will be given at the
same time.
Tau Riolo's
words explain that character building for the community and students is
expected to always help each other in completing a job, with the aim that work
done in cooperation or helping each other can be made easier and can be
completed quickly. There is social behavior in this message and family will be
created if you help each other in everything. And as a leader, you can apply
justice which is manifested in awards given jointly. As in the words "when
the work is finished, don't add new work, wait together later." This
attitude reflects family and does not burden one party.
Character
formation in the Pancasila Student Profile that is in accordance with this
message can be seen in the dimension of mutual help,
namely the collaboration element, namely Pancasila Students should have the
ability to collaborate, namely the ability to work together with other people
accompanied by a feeling of joy when being with other people and showing a
positive attitude. Towards other people. He is skilled at working together and
coordinating to achieve common goals. And students must also have good social
perception so that they understand why other people react in certain ways and
take certain actions. He understands and respects his social environment, and
produces social situations that are in line with meeting the needs of various
parties and achieving goals
7. Value of Love for the Motherland
Love for one's
homeland is a bond that essentially has a feeling of affection and love for the
nation and country, especially our birthplace or homeland. Apart from that,
love for one's homeland also means the attachment or inner feeling of citizens
to always guard and serve, care for, defend and protect their homeland from all
threats and disturbances both from outside and within their own nation. Loving
the different arts and culture and traditions found in each region within a
country can also be said to be a character of love for one's country.
The feeling of
love for the country found in Lontara Latoa which is related to the dimensions
of the Pancasila student profile is found
in the dialogue between Arumpone and Kajao Laliddo who says that is there
anything that is strongest in life, Kajao? Then according to Kajao Laliddo,
weapons are not the strongest thing, but what is most powerful according to
Kajao Laliddo is asseddingeng or unity. Then Kajao Laliddong took a
handful of sticks, then asked the king of Bone to break them at once, but the
king of Bone could not break them. This indicates that something small, if
united, will become a large, invincible force. If it is related to students'
academic abilities, of course not all are the same. However, the success of a
student will be determined by his strength to persevere in facing all the
problems he faces.
In this
conversation or dialogue, there is the value of Love for the Motherland which
is one of the 18 values according to the Ministry of Education and invites the
community to forge strong bonds that are manifested in unity. This is in line
with one of the profiles of Pncasila Students, namely global diversity. That
Indonesian society consists of various tribes and customs, but remains intact
as an inseparable unit. This is what is continuously implemented in the souls
of students.
B.
The relevance of the educational values in
Lontara Latoa with the profile of Pancasila students in the formation of
student character at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Bontang
Based on the
results of the data search process carried out by the researcher, it was found
that the educational values in Lontara Latoa were relevant to the profile of
Pancasila students in forming the character of students at Madrasah Aliyah
Negeri Bontang, including:
1.
Value of Honesty
The
value of honesty that the author finds in Lontara Latoa is in the form of the
message or paseng Arungmpone Kajao Laliddo, namely, honesty in all
actions carried out. One of them was Arumpone's message to Kajao Laliddo that
don't take things that don't belong to him. And a call to
carry out actions that do not take away other people's rights and do not forget
an agreement. And say everything correctly.
The relevance of the values of honesty expressed in Arungmpone's message
to Kajao Laliddo, which have been implemented at the Bontang State Madrasah
Aliyah, is related to the
activities carried out at school to form independent, honest and responsible
individuals. Habits that are applied in students' daily lives and are developed
for each individual student through habituation,
namely:
a.
Speak honestly both to your
own friends and to teachers, staff and the entire school community.
b.
Be honest in carrying out
the tasks given and honest in admitting all actions that have been carried out
even though the action was a mistake.
c.
There is an honesty canteen
to get students used to carrying out their own buying and selling transactions
without anyone supervising them.
d.
Students take exams by
getting used to not cheating and doing questions well.
This
character cultivation is also relevant to current education, namely in the
implementation of the Merdeka curriculum in the formation of students'
character, namely in the dimensions of faith, devotion to God Almighty, and
noble character, namely elements of personal morals which state that noble
morals are manifested in actions that are good. Good and honest. And
creates a feeling of affection and attention in students towards themselves and
others. He realizes that honesty will bring goodness to himself and others,
especially in maintaining relationships with others and in maintaining
togetherness in the environment around him.
2.
Religious Values
Religious values lead
to a person's devotion and compliance in
believing and implementing the commands of religious teachings in accordance
with the religion that has been adopted. The religious
value that the author finds in Lontara Latoa is in the form of Arungmpone's dialogue
with Kajao Laliddo, namely if Arung Mangkau (the king)' behaves
honestly, and if all orders (from Allah) are obeyed by Arung Mangkau' (the
King) and his spokesperson or trusted person, and always unite the people of
the country, then the country will be victorious. So, the application of
religion to human life is through the implementation of worship as a form of
obedience of a servant and a way for humans to communicate with God as the
creator.
3.
Intellectual Value
Forming
an intelligent character, students must be able to utilize the surrounding
environment to objectively process information both qualitative and
quantitative, build relationships between various information, analyze
information, evaluate and conclude. Apart from that, students must also be
creative and reason critically and be able to regulate their thoughts, feelings
and behavior to achieve learning goals and self-development in both academic
and non-academic fields.
The value of
intelligence that the author finds in Lontara Latoa is in the form of
Arumpone's message to Kajao Laliddo that all actions and words are considered
good and bad or analyzed first and then done, and a great leader must be good
at language and explain everything clearly.
Then, according to
Kajao Laliddo, someone is considered intelligent if they have the ability to
think about all things or problems, both before and after they occur. And
always weigh the pros and cons of a situation by reflecting on the times or
circumstances that have passed or have occurred to come to a conclusion or
decision. Apart from that, people who are considered smart are people who have
the mind to do something that is useful for other people, and can find
solutions to every problem they encounter.
4. Values of firmness and responsibility
Determination and
responsibility can be a driving force for motivation, so that you don't easily
give up when facing challenges in this life. A person who has a firm character
always takes responsibility for all his actions.
The author found the
value of steadfastness in Lontara Latoa in Arungmpone's dialogue with Kajao
Laliddo, one of which was when Arumpone asked Kajao Laliddo that which one is
called someone who does not forget a true saying. And according to Kajao
Laliddo, someone does not forget the words they have spoken. Arumpone's
dialogue with Kajao Laliddong contains the value of steadfastness and having an
attitude of responsibility towards every action taken or discussion that has
been agreed upon.
5.
Value of National
Spirit
The spirit of
nationalism and love of the country must be instilled from an early age in
children or students. Kajao Laliddo's message or pappseng to Arungmpone
was related to the value of the national spirit, that a leader, in order for
his country to remain strong and prosperous, must be supported by enforcing
existing norms or rules, as a reflection in behaving and regulating all actions
of both the leader and the person being led.
6.
Social Care Values
Caring refers to
relationships between one person and another, between community groups, and
individuals and community groups. Social care. These social values can also be
established through kinship relationships or assiajingeng in Bugis
language, which is a kinship node that must be maintained and cared for in
community traditions, as depicted in Lontara Latoa. This kinship node is one of
the goals in this life that must be maintained.
7.
Value of Love for the Motherland
The feeling of love
for the country found in Lontara Latoa which is related to the dimensions of the Pancasila student profile is found in the
dialogue between Arumpone and Kajao Laliddo who says that is there anything
that is strongest in life, Kajao? Then according to Kajao Laliddo, weapons are
not the strongest thing, but what is most powerful according to Kajao Laliddo
is asseddingeng or unity.
The educational values
identified in Lontara Latoa are pertinent to literature instruction in the 2013
curriculum at Bontang State Madrasah Aliyah, specifically in class XII during
the odd semester. This aligns with Core Competency 3, focusing on
understanding, applying, analyzing, and evaluating knowledge related to
science, technology, arts, culture, and humanities. The educational values also
connect to Basic Competency 3.3, involving the identification of information in
historical stories, and Basic Competency 3.4, analyzing the language of
historical stories. These values are applicable to Key Competency 1 (KI 1),
emphasizing honesty and religious values, and Key Competency 2 (KI 2),
highlighting social values like care, responsibility, and cooperation in
interactions with others.
Learning
Indonesian language and literature that is relevant for the formation of
students' character, especially Bontang State Madrasah Aliyah students, is
learning that allows students to grow in awareness of reading historical
stories so that ultimately they can increase their understanding and knowledge
about relationships with fellow human beings, as well as the Creator and
getting to know educational values, and can obtain new ideas, as well as
increase socio-cultural knowledge, also develop feelings and thoughts, and
shape the character and personality of students. In this way, character
formation will grow within students which will be developed in their lives.
The conclusion from the results of the
research and discussion regarding the interpretation of educational values in
Lontara Latoa and their relevance to the Pancasila Student Profile in the
formation of student character at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Bontang is that
Lontara Latoa contains important values such as honesty, intelligence,
religiousness, steadfastness, responsibility, national spirit, social care, and
love of the country. The moral messages contained in the dialogue between Kajao
Laliddo and Arumpone are moral teachings that should be followed by the current
generation.
Apart from that, the educational values
in Lontara Latoa are relevant to the Pancasila student profile, especially in
the dimensions of faith, devotion to God Almighty, noble character, working
together, global diversity, critical reasoning and creativity. In an
independent curriculum, these dimensions need to be viewed as one unit so that
students can become students who are innovative, have character, are competent,
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