INTRODUCTION
����������� Garbage is waste material from human
activities on earth. The amount of waste is closely related to the number of
people who live or do business in a place, and is also closely related to the
form of human life activity. Waste is a consequence of community activities.
Every human activity inevitably produces waste or waste. As a city grows, the
burden that the city must accept also increases. One of them is the burden
resulting from waste produced by urban communities collectively.
��������� In big cities, waste will have various
very large negative impacts if it is not handled carefully and seriously,
namely resulting in changes in the environmental balance that are detrimental
or unexpected so that it can pollute the environment, including land, water and
air. Effective and efficient waste management must be carried out by all
parties, both the community and the government. All these parties are
responsible for handling waste so that waste no longer creates (Gunawan, 2007).
��������� In essence, the waste problem is not
only the responsibility of the local government but also the responsibility of
all members of the community. The behavior of some people is still throwing
rubbish in drainage channels, ditches, rivers or existing water bodies. If it
happens when it rains it can cause blockages and obstruction of the flow of
water in these channels, resulting in water overflowing which carries rubbish
onto the road. Residential and scattered areas.
��������� Waste management must be given
increasing attention because it is related to cost efficiency. Waste
transportation is a waste sub-system that aims to carry waste from the transfer
location or from the waste source directly to the Final Processing Site (TPA).
By optimizing this subsystem, it is hoped that waste transportation will become
easy and fast with the ultimate goal of minimizing waste accumulation which
will have a direct impact on public health and the beauty of the city. The city
of Bengkulu is one of the cities that experiences complex problems in the field
of waste management, especially regarding the waste transportation system.
��������� This waste management problem has
attracted the attention of many parties, one of which is
scientists/researchers. The researchers who have conducted research on Waste
Management are divided into four groups. The first group is studies that
discuss the problem of society's role in waste. This study was conducted by
(Elida FS Simanjorang, 2014), (Bambang Sutikno, 2017), (Dewi Arifahnoor, 2020),
(Nurul Hasanah & Adhi Surya, 2020). The second group is studies that
discuss waste evaluation. This study was conducted by (Muhammad Nizar, 2019),
(Oktyan Paraditya, 2012), (Erman Munir, Edi Munawar & Irvan, 2019), (Allef
Lailatul Fajariyah, 2020), (Sri Lestari, Siti Nurlaily & Yulisa
Fitrianingsi, 2014). The third group is studies that discuss household waste. This
study was conducted by (Agnes Fitria Widianto, Oktaviani Catur Pratiwi &
Saudin Yuniarno, 2017), (Laela Nurpratiwi Ningsi, Purwadi Suhantini & Eva
Banowati, 2015), (Sehra Yusna Nasution, Abdul Kadir & Beby Masyito
Batubara, 2021), (Gita Monica Panomban), (Mutia Arda, Dewi Andriani & Yayuk
Hayulina Manurung, 2020). The fourth group is studies that discuss waste
management analysis. This study was conducted by (Alimansya & Jarto Tarigan
Syuprianto, 2019), (Lia Puspa Sari, Juim Thaap & Titi Darmi, 2021).
��������� There are quite a lot of studies
discussing the waste problem as explained above, however, there is still very
little research discussing the problem of waste management, especially in the
city of Bengkulu. This is very unfortunate because it will have an impact on
community comfort and optimizing waste management in the city of Bengkulu.
��������� Based on the results of pre-research
observations and interviews at one of the TPS points in the city of Bengkulu,
specifically the TPS in Tengah Padang sub-district. Teluk Segara on Wednesday 9
March 2022 and Monday 14 March 2022, it was discovered that waste management as
stated in Regional Regulation No. 02 of 2011 concerning waste management,
article 27 paragraphs 1 and 2 had not been carried out optimally. This is
proven by the transportation still using one car, and the absence of containers
that separate organic and non-organic waste, this has resulted in a buildup of
waste at the TPS in the middle of Padang.
��������� In this case, many people complain
about the smell of rubbish that spreads around Tengah Padang Village,
especially those whose houses are near the TPS, plus when it rains the smell
increases many times, causing discomfort to the residents of Tengah Padang
Village, besides that there are several illegal rubbish dumps which cause a
smell. the same, thereby increasing unrest in society.
��������� Conditions like this certainly require
special attention from the regional government of the city of Bengkulu. From
the thoughts above, the researcher is interested in carrying out a study entitled:
"Waste Management in the City of Bengkulu (Study in Tengah Padang
Subdistrict, Teluk Segara District, and Bengkulu City)".�
METHODS
This research uses
qualitative research methods, while the type of research is descriptive
research, which aims to provide a systematic, factual and factual description
or explanation related to the condition and based on existing facts to draw a
conclusion. In this research, the method used is a qualitative descriptive
research method. According to Sugiyono (2011: 8), qualitative research methods
are research methods used to examine natural conditions, the results of which
emphasize meaning rather than generalizations.
RESULTS
The results of this
research were obtained through an interview process where the research
informants (resources) consisted of implementing informants and expert
informants. The following is the profile of the informants (resources) in this
research:
Table 1
Informant Profiles and Coding
|
No.
|
Informant's Name
|
Code
|
Position
|
|
1.
|
Suteman, S.Ag
|
ST
|
Head of Tengah
Padang Subdistrict, Teluk Segara District, Bengkulu City
|
|
2.
|
Febri Ardiansyah,
S.Sos., M.Sc
|
F.A
|
Bengkulu City DLH
Waste Management Staff
|
|
3.
|
Ir. Efrizal, SE,
M.Sc
|
E.F
|
Bengkulu City DLH
Waste Management Staff
|
Source:
Processed by Researchers, 2023
This research data
was taken through an interview process conducted with three informants, namely
the implementing informant Mr. Suteman (ST) as Head of Tengah Padang Village, Teluk
Segara District, and Bengkulu City. Then Mr. Febri Ardiansyah (FA) and Mr.
Efrizal (EF) as expert informants who are also responsible for waste
management activities at the Bengkulu City Environmental Service. All
interview activities were carried out in person and documented in the form of
voice recordings during the interview process. Based on the results of the
interview, the researcher obtained data related to research activities, namely
regarding waste management. As for the researchers, questions have been
prepared to be asked to the informants in accordance with the problem
formulation and the concept of management function theory. The theory used in
this research is the theory of George R. Telrry (2012) in his book Principle of
Management regarding the basic functions of management, namely Planning, Organizing,
Actuating (Implementation) and Controlling (Supervision). This theory explains
how management is carried out in every formal and non-formal activity. From the
results of this research, it will be discussed how the four basic management
functions answer the research objectives. The following is a discussion of the
results obtained:
A. Planning
(Planning)
This
section discusses how to determine waste management goals and strategies as
well as preparing procedures for waste management. Planning in waste management
in Tengah Padang Subdistrict, Teluk Segara District, Bengkulu City, namely
looking for a location for waste management where waste can be differentiated
based on the types of waste itself. This is supported by the statements of the
informants in the following interviews:
"Our planning for managing waste, especially
household waste, is still looking for places, either land or locations that can
accommodate waste, differentiated based on the types of waste itself."
(ST)
�. "There is a place but it needs to be widened
further and the location should not disturb the surrounding community with the
existence of the samaph shelter." (ST)
Based
on the answers obtained from the informant, he plans to look for additional
locations to store household waste as a program and to fulfill community needs.
The researcher also gave a statement to the Head of the Village that the waste
disposal site (TPS) in the community is still an open dumping system, where rubbish is simply thrown away in a place or
disposal container without any treatment whatsoever and there is no closure on
the land.
The
available land or location is still minimal and cannot fully accommodate the
waste that comes from households. So that the Head of the Subdistrict plans for
the future in managing waste by building land or looking for a larger location
to accommodate rubbish bins in the surrounding community so that the rubbish
can be broken down more easily. This is also supported by the expert
informant's statement in the interview as follows:
�Loarding of waste and improper waste management can have
a negative impact on the health and beauty of the surrounding environment.
"Trash can come from various activities, both human activities and
nature's own activities." (EF)
"In my opinion, there are several areas where the
programs created may not run optimally due to communication problems with us or
the surrounding community as well." (FA)
Waste
management carried out by the local community at the TPS, Tengah Padang
Subdistrict, Teluk Segara District, Bengkulu City is still said to be not
optimal due to the lack of communication and the programs run by the
subdistrict are still hampered both by the Department of Cleanliness and the
Environment as well as between scavengers and the surrounding community.
According to Bengkulu City Environmental Service Staff, they stated that there
was already information regarding the accumulation of waste at each TPS,
therefore the Environmental Service recommended that waste be transported in
the morning. So that by noon there will be no more rubbish piled up at the TPS.
This is also supported by the expert informant's statement, as follows:
"Actually, it is not difficult to overcome the
problem of waste accumulation at the TPS in each sub-district. However, every community
should take part in maintaining and managing the TPS. The public is asked to
throw away their rubbish according to the hours recommended by the department
where the public should throw away their rubbish at the TPS from 19.00 to 05.00
or before morning. "So there is no more rubbish scattered around because
it has been transported in the rubbish bins provided." (FA)
Based
on expert informants, namely Mr. Febri, Environmental Service Staff, he also
looks at good relations with communication between residents in each
sub-district. Apart from that, public awareness is also needed regarding
cleanliness and following the advice made by the local department. Then the
accumulation of waste will also be controlled. Meanwhile, according to the
implementing informant, Mr Suteman, he said:
"The public must be able to know the types of
household waste, some of which can be used for the waste itself. The waste that
is used can be made into handicrafts or can be used as compost or can help
improve the economy, which means the waste can be turned into money." (ST)
The
implementing informant also said that to reduce the accumulation of waste, the
waste could be used by residents to make compost or make handicrafts. So that
daily household waste management does not accumulate at the TPS. The
implementing informant also added the following:
"I think waste management here still needs to be
reformed where the location is inadequate to be used as a TPS. In fact, it's
not just the local people who throw rubbish here but other people too.
Sometimes the rubbish transport van is full, so the rubbish that is left or not
picked up is left alone or will not be cleaned up completely. This is very
unfortunate because the facilities are inadequate and the location is
limited." (ST)
Furthermore,
strategies and arrangements were made for waste management with the need for
community self-help, as the informants hoped that the goals and targets made
could run optimally. The following are the results of the interview delivered
by the implementing informant, Mr. Suteman:
�The waste management and planning process requires
coordination of people in waste collection. Self-help for the community has
also been planned and it is hoped that we can work together to achieve optimal
waste management and maintain the cleanliness of the TPS environment."
(ST)
Based
on the statement from the implementing informant above, this has been done,
such as dividing the parties responsible for waste management, including the
community as well as those at the TPS, but the implementation is still not
running in a sustainable manner as expected.
According
to the results of interviews with informants, both implementing informants and
expert informants, it can be concluded that information related to waste
problems in several sub-districts has been known to the Bengkulu City
Environmental Service. It's just that the procedures and implementation of
waste management are still not precise enough because waste transportation is
only done once a day so there is always rubbish strewn around. Tengah Padang
Subdistrict is also making plans regarding the allocation of places to add
wider TPS.
Based
on the results of interviews conducted by researchers regarding waste
management in the Tengah Padang Subdistrict, Bengkulu City, it was concluded
that the planning carried out by the local Subdistrict was considered not
optimal, where there was no structured waste management procedure and it was
only made to complete it administratively but in its implementation it was not
carried out. . Then the innovation in waste management procedures carried out
by the Bengkulu City Environmental Service has also not yet attempted to
provide facilities and infrastructure for providing waste transportation and
hour regulations that are enforced in every area of Bengkulu city .
B. Organizing
In a
waste management system, organizational or institutional aspects are important
so that the system can run well. The organizational structure must also be able
to clearly show the flow of coordination both vertically and horizontally,
authority in using the budget, and work implementation that clearly contains
the functions and duties of each personnel.
In this
section, we will discuss how a process can connect each responsible individual
in detail based on the fields involved in the organization and in continuity
with the task functions carried out. The organization of the waste management
process in Tengah Padang Village can be seen from the results of interviews
with several informants below.
"The agency that manages waste in Bengkulu City is
the Bengkulu City Environmental Service, as per the organizational
organizational structure that has been created. Waste management consists of
several human resources, such as around 29 drivers, car crews around 61 people,
heavy equipment operators around 2 people, street sweepers around hundreds of
people divided into several areas, park officers around 48 people, and office
employees around 68 people. � (FA)
Based
on the statement made by the expert informant above, there are already several
workers who are responsible for managing existing waste. This is also supported
by the statement of the implementing informant, as follows:
�Waste management institutions already exist and are
divided into every existing sector. There is already a division for managing
waste from the start of collecting the rubbish which ends up in the landfill
and can also collaborate with third parties. By working with waste transporters
or P3, for example household waste who manage P3. "Household waste is
transported P3 and then transported to the landfill." (ST)
According
to the results of interviews from several informants above, division of labor
is also carried out in managing waste. Discussion about the division of labor
regarding how to divide the work required to produce a product into several
different and mutually sustainable tasks. Then later it will assign tasks and
workers in each field. Each worker has routine work but is interconnected with
other units. As explained by an expert informant, he said:
�Workers have been divided into several jobs in managing
waste. Regarding the division of tasks, I think it has been done by the
Environmental Service, because the employees or workers in that service have
their own decrees. The problem now is whether the person has carried out their
duties well or not. "And what form of cooperation with third parties or
private parties in waste management is in accordance with local Environmental
Service regulations or not." (EF)
The
expert informant's statement said that the division of work had been carried
out as it should, but it was necessary to evaluate the workers' performance. In
this way, it can be seen that each of the tasks assigned is running properly or
whether problems are occurring due to a lack of institutional or other unit
coordination in waste management.
Based
on the results of the researcher's interviews with several informants, it was
concluded that there was a division of work in accordance with each worker's
schedule. Meanwhile, cooperation with third parties in managing household waste
is carried out by P3 which is then finally transported to the landfill. Based
on observations made by researchers regarding Waste Management by the Bengkulu
City Environmental Service, looking at the organization, researchers found
information that there was no performance evaluation of employees specifically
assigned to carry out waste management.
There
is also no coordination in managing waste with third parties as working
partners. This requires coordination with work partners who are tasked with
providing waste transportation facilities and infrastructure and providing
waste transportation fleets. The problem that occurs at TPS is the lack of
facilities and infrastructure, such as limited fleets or cars for transporting
waste, where the remaining waste can pile up again.
C. Movement
/ Direction (Actuating)
This
section discusses management functions related to actions to mobilize
individuals within the agency or organization. Actuating is where all members
of the unit work consciously to achieve a goal that has been set in both
planning and organizational patterns. This movement is also carried out by
directing all subordinates to be able to collaborate and work effectively to
achieve common goals.
Direction
enables all group members to be efficient, effective and structured in carrying
out their duties. In waste management in Tengah Padang Subdistrict, Teluk
Segara District, Bengkulu City, there must be a driver to move all members or
officers at the TPS to the TPA. Movement or direction in the waste management
process at the TPS, Tengah Padang Village, Teluk Segara District, and Bengkulu
City can be seen from the results of interviews with the following informants:
�Household waste is collected using containers in the form
of barrels, plastic bags, baskets, etc. Apart from that, waste collection is
also carried out using containers provided by DLH. "Household waste is
collected by collection officers, and it is directly transported to DLH waste
trucks to the landfill." (ST)
"As can be seen, there is a method or technique and
there are people who pick up the waste and organize it both at the TPS and at
the TPA. Like a garbage man who goes around collecting rubbish every day until
it is finally processed in a landfill. "There are also those who initially
generate waste and then sort the waste first and then process the waste that
should be processed." (FA)
Based
on the statement from the informant above, it is clear that this is technically
operational for workers. It can be seen that waste originating from households
can also be sorted first and eventually some of the waste can be reprocessed or
thrown away. Apart from that, guidance was carried out by the Bengkulu City
Environmental Service by conducting outreach to waste transportation
operational officers and Cleaning Officers (street sweepers). The outreach
provided includes:
1.
Regarding
the waste transportation schedule
2.
Waste
transportation techniques
3.
How
to collect waste
4.
How
to dispose of waste from TPS to TPA
Then it
is related to operating and maintenance costs that are sufficient for the needs
of operating facilities and infrastructure in the waste management process. The
following are the results of the interview with the implementing informant, Mr.
Suteman:
"The funding has been made from the cleaning service
itself. There is for household waste where each house or per head is asked for
an administration fee of IDR 30,000 per month by the LPM. "This LPM is the
coordinator for handling household and non-household waste." (ST)
Based
on the statement from the informant above, this is true regarding financing and
levies by LPM as the waste management coordinator. Waste outside of household
waste has its own administration fees with an agreement between the two parties,
namely the LPM and the party who pays the waste handling costs.
Furthermore,
the role of society, in this section, is discussed about the participation of
individuals, families and community groups in driving cleanliness and health
efforts as a personal and collective responsibility. This is also supported by
the statement of expert informant Mr Febri, as follows:
"The role of the community is also very important
here, where everyone has awareness of cleanliness, namely the rubbish around
them. Considering the importance of this waste problem, the public also knows
about the 3R principle (Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle). Like when people shop
online where plastic or cardboard packaging that is thrown away can be reused.
The cardboard can be collected again and sold to use goods collectors."
(FA)
Based
on the results of interviews and observations conducted by researchers, it can
be concluded that the actuating management function regarding waste management
in Tengah Padang Village, Teluk Segara District, and Bengkulu City has not been
carried out fully with socialization. Socialization was carried out by the
local Environmental Service, but in areas surrounding the community in
sub-districts, socialization was still not fully carried out. Then, until now
there have been no employees specifically appointed to deal with waste problems
in each sub-district, especially education regarding the problem of household
waste which has recently disturbed the comfort of the surrounding area.
D. Supervision
(Controlling)
This
section discusses actions that monitor the entire implementation of tasks so
that all tasks are carried out well and in accordance with the guidelines
provided. The supervision referred to in this case is supervising all
activities or tasks in waste management at the TPS. The following is
supervision of the waste management process in Tengah Padang Village, Teluk
Segara District, and Bengkulu City. Supervision (controlling) in the waste
management process at TPS can be seen from the results of interviews with the
following informants:
"Waste management implementation has been carried
out, such as waste collection, waste transfer, transportation, and others.
"Then in processing household waste there is no temporary storage in each
house." (ST)
A
statement from the implementing informant, Mr. Suteman, said that the people
around the TPS did not follow the waste management that had been established,
especially regarding household waste. Every house should have a suitable
container for their household waste right in front of the house or around it,
but each house does not yet have one.
"Clear supervision of all assigned employees goes
straight to the field and monitors areas prone to large piles of rubbish.�Monitoring
is not only in the sub-district area, but the sub-districts and surrounding
areas are also being paid attention to." (EF)
"Usually there is a transport foreman who monitors
it, there is a sweeping foreman who supervises the street sweepers.�So if we
from the Department don't go out into the field then foremen or officers will
be deployed to monitor and carry out supervision every day." (FA)
According
to the results of interviews with informants, it was stated that supervision
was carried out by direct observation both by the Bengkulu City Environmental
Service and officers or foremen who were tasked with supervising in the field
every day. Observe TPS and TPA locations to find out the amount of waste piled
up every day, also monitor the waste transport fleet that has been provided to
find out whether the number of waste transport fleets is in accordance with the
size of the waste piles, including the waste transport fleet that has been
provided.
Furthermore,
it is related to the evaluation of waste management through supervision, where
the sub-district office as the coordinator who has been appointed in waste
management must also know and evaluate which includes:
1.
The
amount of rubbish piled up every day in every household
2.
The
amount of waste transported every day
3.
Number
of fleets used to transport waste
4.
Number
of operational personnel for transporting waste
5.
Number
of janitors (street sweepers)
CONCLUSION
Based on the
results of research and discussion regarding Waste Management in Bengkulu City
(Study in Tengah Padang Subdistrict, Teluk Segara District, and Bengkulu City)
it can be concluded that waste management in Bengkulu City is not optimal
according to the four management functions. The four management functions are
that the planning carried out is already underway but the results obtained have
not yet achieved the expected targets or goals. Planning is still ongoing but
there are still problems with communication between the sub-district and the
surrounding community regarding the increasing and piling up of household
waste. Organizations are also made which consist of several numbers of human
resources according to the tasks and division of work given. However, in the
case of waste problems, it is still necessary to evaluate worker performance.
Furthermore, the movement management/direction function has been carried out by
the Bengkulu City Environmental Service by conducting outreach through the 3R principles
for household waste. Direction enables all group members to be efficient,
effective and structured in carrying out their duties. Then the final function,
namely supervision, is still not carried out routinely by both the sub-district
and Bengkulu City Environmental Services.
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