Journal of Social Science, Vol. 04, No. 05, November 2023
1193
Road Damage Analysis on Brigjend
Katamso Road - Berbek Road – Wadung
Asri Road with Sdi Method
Rifki Amirullah
1
, Ibnu Sholichin
2
Civil Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Engineering, National Development
University "Veteran" East Java, Indonesia
1.2
Email: [email protected]
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Road;,Road Damage; Surface
Distress Index method; Handling
Road Damage
Roads are a component that plays a role in improving the
community's economy and population which results in an
increase in traffic volume which can result in a decrease in road
quality and affect safety, comfort and smoothness of traffic. In
this research, an analysis of road damage was carried out on
the Jalan Brigjend Katamso – Jalan Raya Berbek – Jalan Raya
Wadung Asri (STA. 0+000 – 5+000) section located in Sidoarjo
Regency. Analysis of road damage in this research uses the SDI
method. The SDI method is a method that produces SDI values
to determine road conditions and the form of maintenance
required. The SDI value is obtained from the percentage of crack
area, crack width, number of holes per 100 m, and depth of ruts
or grooves. From this research, it was found that the types of
road damage that occurred on the Jalan Brigjend Katamso –
Jalan Raya Berbek – Jalan Raya Wadung Asri (STA 0+000 –
5+000) section were 0.49% potholes, 3.73% ruts (grooves),
87.62% cracks, 2.31% bleeding , 3.42% grain peeling, 2.07%
patches, and 0.35% thumb. Assessment of road conditions
using the SDI method shows that 98% are in good condition
and 2% are in slightly damaged condition. Treatment that must
be carried out immediately on the Jalan Brigjend Katamso –
Jalan Raya Berbek – Jalan Raya Wadung Asri (STA 0+000 –
5+000) section is asphalt resurfacing, sealing, patching holes,
overlaying, and re-marking.
INTRODUCTION
Roads are an important component for society because they act as the main means of
transportation on land and can facilitate the economy and culture between regions in Indonesia.
Roads can make it easier for people to carry out other social activities if the condition of the road
is good and meets appropriateness standards. With the increase in the economy of the people in
a city, the population of the city will also increase and result in an increase in traffic volume which
will continuously affect the condition of road construction, and this will result in a decrease in the
quality of the road, which will affect safety, comfort and smoothness. traffic in the city (Setyawati,
2022).
Sidoarjo Regency borders Surabaya City, which is also the city that produces the most
MSMEs. Not only that, Sidoarjo Regency is also a buffer for Surabaya City which is part of the
Gerbangkertasusila area (Setyawati, 2022). With a population of 2,064,168 people according to
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1194
BPS Sidoarjo Regency from data from the 2022 population census and experiencing an increase
in the number of motorized vehicles every year according to BPS data for East Java Province for
2018 - 2020 as presented in table 1 as follows (Zuliasari & Rachmawati, 2021).
Table 1
Sidoarjo Regency Motor Vehicle Data 2018 – 2020 (BPS East Java Province)
Year
Car
Bus
Truck
Motorcycle
Total
2018
172.223
2,392
47,343
1,413,942
1,636,032
2019
187,816
2,573
50,687
1,509,222
1,750,445
2020
194,598
2,641
52,718
1,558,650
1,808,754
This makes Sidoarjo Regency not far from the problem of traffic jams at every point on
the road. Sidoarjo Regency is a suburban area which makes it a special attraction for building
housing, opening businesses and looking for work. This is what causes traffic jams at several
road points in Sidoarjo Regency (Setyawati, 2022).
In this case, an analysis of road damage was carried out on the Jalan Brigjend Katamso
- Jalan Raya Berbek - Jalan Raya Wadung Asri section which is located in Waru District, Sidoarjo
Regency. Jalan Brigjend Katamso – Jalan Raya Berbek – Jalan Raya Wadung Asri is included in
the district road that connects Jalan Raya Waru with Jalan Raya Taman Asri, and is one of the
access roads to Rungkut District, Surabaya City (Purwahono & Solichin, 2023). Jalan Brigjend
Katamso – Jalan Raya Berbek – Jalan Raya Wadung Asri is a road that is frequently passed by
large vehicles and there are also frequent traffic jams on this section of road so that there is a
lot of road damage in the form of cracks, holes and grooves on the road section.
Analysis of road damage on the Jalan Brigjend Katamso – Jalan Raya Berbek – Jalan
Raya Wadung Asri section was carried out to determine the type of repairs that must be carried
out immediately so that the road performance can return to its original state so as to create
comfort, smoothness and safety of traffic on this road section (Girsang, 2020).
Based on these problems, damage analysis was carried out using the SDI method. The
SDI method has several advantages over other road damage analysis methods (Ibnu &
Nugroho, 2017). In this case, several advantages of the SDI method will be exemplified when
compared with the 1990 Bina Marga method, IRI ( International Roughness Index ), and PCI (
Pavement Condition Index ) which are presented in table 2 as follows (Nugraha, 2021).
Table 2
Advantages of the SDI Method (Comparative results of road damage analysis
methods)
SDI method
Bina Marga Methods 1990
It requires a shorter time to implement because
it only requires road damage data.
It takes longer to implement because it
requires road damage data and LHR data.
The SDI method is more effective and efficient
in assessing and calculating the costs of
maintaining road damage (Yusup, CM, 2020).
The Bina Marga method is less effective and
less efficient in assessing and calculating the
costs of maintaining road damage (Yusup,
CM, 2020).
SDI method
IRI method
It has more accurate results when compared to
the IRI method because it is done by visually
assessing the damage that occurs in the field
(Suwandi, A., 2021).
It has less accurate results when compared
to the SDI method because the assessment
relies on a roughmeter measuring instrument
(Suwandi, A., 2021).
SDI method
PCI method
Road Damage Analysis on Brigjend Katamso Road - Berbek Road – Wadung Asri Road with Sdi
Method
1195
The type of damage is more generalized so that
identification of damage is much easier
(Nugraha, D., 2021).
It is too risky when collecting data because
there are too many types of damage, so
identifying each damage will be prone to
errors (Nugraha, D., 2021).
The purpose of this research is to determine the types of road damage that occur, to
determine the value of road conditions after analyzing road damage using the SDI method, and
to identify forms of treatment that must be carried out immediately on the Jalan Brigjend Katamso
- Jalan Raya Berbek - Jalan Raya Wadung Asri (STA 0+000 – 5+000) after analysis (Wang, Wu,
Yang, & Wang, 2018).
METHOD
Road damage analysis was carried out on the Jalan Brigjend Katamso – Jalan Raya Berbek
– Jalan Raya Wadung Asri (STA 0+000 – 5+000) section using the SDI (Surface Distress Index)
method. The SDI method is a road condition survey method issued by the Directorate General of
Highways in 2011 . The SDI (Surface Distress Index) method is a scale. The SDI method is a road
performance scale obtained from visually observing road damage in the field (Yastawan,
Wedagama, & Ariawan, 2021).
The SDI method produces SDI values to determine road conditions and the form of
maintenance required. In the SDI method, road damage that needs to be considered is the crack
area, crack width, number of holes per 100 m, and rut depth (Arya et al., 2020). Several
assessment categories required in determining road condition values according to the SDI method
are:
1. The assessment of crack area categories is presented in table 3 as follows.
Table 3
Crack Extent Category Assessment (Bina Marga 2011)
No
Broad Category
of Cracks
SDI value a
1
There isn't any
-
2
<10%
5
3
10% – 30%
20
4
>30%
40
2. The assessment of crack width categories is presented in table 4 as follows.
Table 4
Crack Width Category Assessment (Bina Marga 2011)
No
Crack Width
Category
SDI value b
1
There isn't any
-
2
Fine <1 mm
-
3
Medium 1 mm – 3
mm
-
4
Width >3 mm
SDI value a x 2
3. The assessment of the number of holes categories is presented in table 5 as follows.
Table 5
Assessment of Number of Holes Category (Bina Marga 2011)
No
Category Number of Holes
SDI value c
1
There isn't any
-
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2
<10 per 100 m
SDI value b + 15
3
10 – 50 per 100 m
SDI value b + 75
4
>50 per 100 m
SDI value b + 225
4. The assessment of wheel rut categories is presented in table 6 as follows.
Table 6
Scoring of Wheels Category (Bina Marga 2011)
No
Wheel Worn
Category
SDI value d
1
There isn't any
-
2
<1 cm deep
SDI value c + 5
x 0.5
3
1 – 3 cm deep
SDI value c + 5
x 2
4
>3 cm deep
SDI value c + 5
x 4
5. Assessment of road conditions according to the SDI method is presented in table 7 as follows.
Table 6
Road Condition Assessment According to the SDI Method (Bina Marga 2011)
Road Conditions
SDI value
Good
<50
Currently
50 – 100
Light Damage
100 – 150
Heavy Damaged
>150
The SDI value is obtained from the largest value of the four values (SDI a, SDI b, SDI c,
and SDI d). Then an assessment of road conditions is carried out based on table 7 (Suwandi,
2021).
For the type of treatment based on the SDI method following Road Preservation
Management for Regional Road Network Management in 2011, see table 8 as follows (Ichsan &
Isya, 2014)(Sinaga, 2011).
Table 7
Handling Types Based on the SDI Method (Road Preservation Management for
Regional Road Network Management in 2011)
Handling Type
SDI value
Routine Maintenance
<50
Routine Maintenance
50 – 100
Periodic Maintenance
100 – 150
Road Improvement or
Road Rehabilitation
>150
The things that must be done when calculating road damage analysis using the SDI
method are:
Road Damage Analysis on Brigjend Katamso Road - Berbek Road – Wadung Asri Road with Sdi
Method
1197
1. Table the survey results according to the types of damage that need to be considered in the
SDI.
2. Determine the SDI value.
3. Determine road conditions and the form of handling that must be carried out.
The tools needed to analyze road damage using the SDI method are as follows.
1. Meter for measuring the dimensions of small-scale damage.
2. Thrust meter to divide segments on roads and measure the dimensions of large-scale
damage.
3. Vernier caliper to measure crack width.
4.
Pilox
to mark segment boundaries.
5.
Stationery to record the results of road damage surveys.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The types of damage that occurred based on the results of visual observations on the
Jalan Brigjend Katamso – Jalan Raya Berbek – Jalan Raya Wadung Asri at STA 0+000 – 5+000
were pothole damage, rut damage (grooves), crack damage, obesity (bleeding
)
. , grain peeling,
patch damage, and toe damage (7 types of road damage). Examples of the damage that occurred
are presented in figures 1 to 3 as follows.
Figure 1. Examples of Whole Damage at Research Locations (Observation Results)
Figure 2. Examples of Flow Damage at Research Locations (Observation Results)
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Figure 3. Examples of Crack Damage at Research Locations (Observation Results)
The percentage of damage that occurred on the Jalan Brigjend Katamso – Jalan Raya
Berbek – Jalan Raya Wadung Asri STA 0+000 – 5+000 section is presented in Figure 4 as
follows.
Figure 4. Percentage of Road Damage (Results of data analysis)
It can be seen from Figure 4 that the most dominant damage is crack damage. This makes crack
damage the most influential damage to the calculation of road condition values.
The results of the SDI values for each segment are presented in table 9 as follows.
Table 8
Results of SDI Values for Each Segment (Results of data analysis)
Segmen
t
STA
SDI
value
a
SDI
value
b
SDI
value
c
SDI
value
d
SDI
Value
Per STA
Road
Condition
s
1
0+000 - 0+100
0
0
15
15
15
Good
0+100 - 0+200
5
10
25
25
25
Good
0+200 - 0+300
5
10
25
25
25
Good
87,62
0,49
3,73
3,42
2,07
2,31
0,35
0,00
10,00
20,00
30,00
40,00
50,00
60,00
70,00
80,00
90,00
100,00
Persentase
Retak Lubang
Alur Pengelupasan Butir
Tambalan Bleeding
Jembul
Road Damage Analysis on Brigjend Katamso Road - Berbek Road – Wadung Asri Road with Sdi
Method
1199
Segmen
t
STA
SDI
value
a
SDI
value
b
SDI
value
c
SDI
value
d
SDI
Value
Per STA
Road
Condition
s
0+300 - 0+400
5
10
10
10
10
Good
0+400 - 0+500
5
10
10
10
10
Good
0+500 - 0+600
5
10
25
25
25
Good
0+600 - 0+700
5
10
10
10
10
Good
0+700 - 0+800
5
10
10
10
10
Good
0+800 - 0+900
5
10
10
20
20
Good
0+900 - 1+000
5
10
10
10
10
Good
2
1+000 - 1+100
5
10
10
10
10
Good
1+100 - 1+200
5
10
10
10
10
Good
1+200 - 1+300
5
10
25
45
45
Good
2
1+300 - 1+400
5
10
10
10
10
Good
1+400 - 1+500
5
10
25
25
25
Good
1+500 - 1+600
5
10
10
10
10
Good
1+600 - 1+700
5
10
10
10
10
Good
1+700 - 1+800
5
10
10
10
10
Good
1+800 - 1+900
5
10
10
10
10
Good
1+900 - 2+000
5
10
10
10
10
Good
3
2+000 - 2+100
5
10
10
10
10
Good
2+100 - 2+200
5
10
25
25
25
Good
2+200 - 2+300
5
10
10
10
10
Good
2+300 - 2+400
5
10
10
20
20
Good
2+400 - 2+500
5
5
5
5
5
Good
2+500 - 2+600
5
10
10
10
10
Good
2+600 - 2+700
5
5
5
5
5
Good
2+700 - 2+800
5
10
10
10
10
Good
2+800 - 2+900
5
10
25
25
25
Good
2+900 - 3+000
5
10
25
25
25
Good
4
3+000 - 3+100
5
10
10
10
10
Good
3+100 - 3+200
5
10
25
25
25
Good
3+200 - 3+300
5
10
10
10
10
Good
3+300 - 3+400
5
10
25
25
25
Good
3+400 - 3+500
5
10
25
25
25
Good
3+500 - 3+600
20
40
40
40
40
Good
3+600 - 3+700
5
10
10
10
10
Good
3+700 - 3+800
5
10
25
25
25
Good
3+800 - 3+900
20
40
40
40
40
Good
3+900 - 4+000
5
10
10
10
10
Good
5
4+000 - 4+100
5
10
85
105
105
Lightly
damaged
4+100 - 4+200
5
10
25
25
25
Good
4+200 - 4+300
5
10
10
20
20
Good
4+300 - 4+400
5
10
25
27.5
27.5
Good
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Segmen
t
STA
SDI
value
a
SDI
value
b
SDI
value
c
SDI
value
d
SDI
Value
Per STA
Road
Condition
s
4+400 - 4+500
5
10
25
27.5
27.5
Good
4+500 - 4+600
5
10
25
25
25
Good
4+600 - 4+700
5
10
25
25
25
Good
4+700 - 4+800
5
10
25
27.5
27.5
Good
4+800 - 4+900
5
10
25
27.5
27.5
Good
4+900 - 5+000
5
10
10
10
10
Good
From table 9 it can be determined that the road condition on the Jalan Brigjend Katamso
– Jalan Raya Berbek – Jalan Raya Wadung Asri STA 0+000 – 5+000 49 STA section is in good
condition because it produces an SDI value of less than 50 (based on table 7) and only 1 The
STA experienced mild damage because it produced an SDI value between 100 – 150 (based on
table 7). And according to table 9, it can be seen that the roads that experienced light damage
were at STA 4+000 – 4+100.
The SDI values in segment 1 are presented in Figure 5 as follows.
Figure 5. SDI Value in Segment 1 (Results of data analysis)
From Figure 5 it can be seen that the SDI values in segment 1 are all below 50 (in good
condition) and the highest damage conditions are at STA 0+100 – 0+300 and STA 0+500 –
0+600 which have an SDI value of 25.
The SDI values in segment 2 are presented in Figure 6 as follows.
Figure 6. SDI Value in Segment 2 (Results of data analysis)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0+000 - 0+100
0+100 - 0+200
0+200 - 0+300
0+300 - 0+400
0+400 - 0+500
0+500 - 0+600
0+600 - 0+700
0+700 - 0+800
0+800 - 0+900
0+900 - 1+000
SDI value
STA
0
10
20
30
40
50
1+000 - 1+100
1+100 - 1+200
1+200 - 1+300
1+300 - 1+400
1+400 - 1+500
1+500 - 1+600
1+600 - 1+700
1+700 - 1+800
1+800 - 1+900
1+900 - 2+000
SDI value
STA
1201
From Figure 6 it can be seen that the SDI values in segment 2 are all below 50 (in good
condition) and the highest condition of damage is located at STA 1+200 – 1+300 which has an
SDI value of 45 (almost reaching medium condition). The SDI values in segment 3 are presented
in Figure 7 as follows.
Figure 7. SDI Value in Segment 3 (Results of data analysis)
From Figure 7 it can be seen that the SDI values in segment 1 are all below 50 (in good
condition) and the highest damage conditions are located at STA 2+100 – 2+200 and STA 2+800
– 3+000 which have an SDI value of 25.
The SDI values in segment 4 are presented in Figure 8 as follows.
Figure 8. SDI Value in Segment 4 (Results of data analysis)
From Figure 8 it can be seen that the SDI values in segment 4 are all below 50 (in good
condition) and the highest condition of damage is at STA 3+500 – 3+600 and STA 3+800 –
3+900 which have an SDI value of 40 ( almost reaches medium condition).
The differences in SDI values in segment 5 are presented in Figure 9 as follows.
0
10
20
30
40
50
3+000 - 3+100
3+100 - 3+200
3+200 - 3+300
3+300 - 3+400
3+400 - 3+500
3+500 - 3+600
3+600 - 3+700
3+700 - 3+800
3+800 - 3+900
3+900 - 4+000
SDI value
STA
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
2+000 - 2+100
2+100 - 2+200
2+200 - 2+300
2+300 - 2+400
2+400 - 2+500
2+500 - 2+600
2+600 - 2+700
2+700 - 2+800
2+800 - 2+900
2+900 - 3+000
SDI value
STA
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1202 Journal of Social Science, Vol. 04, No. 05 , September 2023
Figure 9. SDI Value in Segment 5 (Results of data analysis)
From Figure 9, it can be seen that almost all of the SDI values in segment 5 are below
50 (in good condition). Only one STA has the number 105 (in slightly damaged condition), namely
STA 4+000 – 4+100.
The form of treatment required for the Jalan Brigjend Katamso – Jalan Raya Berbek –
Jalan Raya Wadung Asri STA 0+000 – 5+000 section according to the SDI method (table 8) is
routine maintenance and periodic maintenance. Routine maintenance is carried out on roads that
are in good condition, namely on STA 0+000 – 4+000 and STA 4+100 – 5+000 (based on table
9). Meanwhile, periodic maintenance is carried out on roads that are in a slightly damaged
condition, namely at STA 4+000 – 4+100 (based on table 9)(Yusup, 2020).
The form of handling routine maintenance and periodic maintenance according to
Minister of Public Works Regulation No. 13 of 2011 which is adapted to the form of road damage
that occurs on the Jalan Brigjend Katamso - Jalan Raya Berbek - Jalan Raya Wadung Asri section
is presented in table 10 as follows (Umum, 2011).
Table 9
Forms of Treatment Required (Results of data analysis)
STA
Road
Conditions
Type of
Treatment
Damage Occurred
Form of Treatment
0+000 – 4+000
And
4+100 – 5+000
Good
Routine
Maintenance
Hole
Hole patching
Channel
Crack width <2 mm
Grain flaking
Patch
Bleeding
Thumb
Asphalt coating
Crack width >2 mm
Sealing
4+000 – 4+100
Light
Damage
Periodic
Maintenance
Hole
Crack width >2mm
Channel
Grain peeling
Overlays
Remarking
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
4+000 - 4+100
4+100 - 4+200
4+200 - 4+300
4+300 - 4+400
4+400 - 4+500
4+500 - 4+600
4+600 - 4+700
4+700 - 4+800
4+800 - 4+900
4+900 - 5+000
SDI value
STA
Road Damage Analysis on Brigjend Katamso Road - Berbek Road – Wadung Asri Road with Sdi
Method
Journal of Social Science, Vol. 04, No. 05, September 2023
1203
CONCLUSION
The conclusions obtained from the results of data analysis and discussion in this research
are as follows. 1) The types of road damage that occurred on the Jalan Brigjend Katamso – Jalan
Raya Berbek – Jalan Raya Wadung Asri (STA 0+000 – 5+000) section were 0.49% damage to
potholes, 3.73% damage to ruts (grooves), 87.62% crack damage, 2.31% obesity damage (
bleeding ), 3.42% grain peeling damage, 2.07% patch damage, and 0.35% crest damage. 2) The
road condition value is 98% indicating good condition, namely at STA 0+000 – 4+000 and STA
4+100 – 5+000 because it produces an SDI value of less than 50 (classified as a road in good
condition) and 2% indicates good condition. lightly damaged, namely at STA 4+000 – 4+100
because it produces an SDI value of 105 (classified as a road with a slightly damaged condition).
3) Treatment that must be carried out immediately is for roads in good condition that require
treatment in the form of asphalt coating, sealing and patching holes. Meanwhile, roads with mild
damage require treatment in the form of overlays and re-marking.
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Mia Nurul Imamah, Nugroho Utomo, Ibnu Sholichin (202 3 )
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