INTRODUCTION
Education is a medium to achieve prosperity for all mankind. Quality
education also reflects an advanced and modern society. Education is the engine
of culture. Habits from every era become changes in line with changes obtained
from the educational process itself (Hasnawati, 2021). The
implementation of education takes place in the family as informal education, in
schools as formal education and in the community as non-formal education and
lasts a lifetime. Moreover, training programs provided by social community
organizations such as libraries, music schools, foreign language schools,
community centers, or other centers that provide training courses for various
abilities - musical, etc. - are examples of non-formal learning (Tudor, 2013). The
implementation of education, apart from being carried out by the community
itself, is also carried out by the government, or at least getting assistance
from the government. Education that gets assistance from the government in the
end occurs a process of mutual influence. From one side the government
situation is influenced by the style of education graduates, and on the other
hand the government also affects the world of education (Muzammil, 2016).
The development of skilled human resources is not just giving birth to
individuals who can get jobs and can build renewable workplaces. Moreover, Many
human resource (HR) managers are transitioning from a traditional human capital
management framework centered on knowledge, skills, and experience to increased
knowledge management backed by long-term relationship systems in the near term (Cach�n-Rodr�guez et al., 2022). Superior human
resources are human resources who not only have advantages in terms of
intellectuality, but also in personality, and can become individuals who often
carry out work in line with their conscience (Sapt, 2019). Character
education can reach a wider scope such as cultural teachings, as well as
national defense. According to Thomas Lickona,
character education is one of the best methods to ensure that students have a
good personality and personality in life. This character education can provide assistance to improve student academic performance.
Based on Thomas Lickona's opinion, there are at least
seven reasons why character education must be given to the nation's population
from an early age, including (Utama, 2019):
1) Some
children are not able to build a strong personality for themselves in other
locations
2) Can carry
out the formation of humans who give respect and respect for other individuals
and can live in diverse audiences.
3) Be an
attempt to resolve the root cause of moral-social problems, such as dishonesty,
disrespect, violence, bad work power, and others.
4) Is the best
method for shaping individual behavior before entering the world of work.
5) Is a method
for teaching cultural teachings that are part of the work of a civilization
Among the regions in Indonesia that are currently implementing the Free
Learning Policy is Cirebon Regency. Reporting from the Suaracirebon.com website
(Succirebon: 2021), Cirebon Regency DPRD Member H
Junaedi feels very concerned about the state of
education in Cirebon Regency. Because according to the education index in West
Java, Cirebon Regency occupies the 25th position out of 27. So that the Cirebon
regency government continues to strive to improve the quality of its education
so that it can occupy a higher position compared to other regencies or cities
in West Java.
Based on these data, it will raise a big question whether the implementation
of independent learning organized by the Minister of Education Nadiem Makarim can bring changes
to the education of Cirebon Regency. Because at this time the Regency can be
said to occupy a very low position among cities or regencies in West Java.
The most ideal character education is given by setting an example through
related parties who deal directly with the world of education (Teguh, 2017). Related
parties can be such as parents, teachers, lecturers, or it can also be staff in
educational institutions. Parents are actually the first character education
that students get through their family environment. Through examples that are
clearly desired, students can imitate good personalities (Bakroni, 2017). Moreover,
students are also expected to be able to use a good personality not only in the
school environment but also in other social environments. Thus, that character
education can form young individuals who are smart and have good behavior. This
is in line with the statement of the philosopher and education expert,
Professor Driyarkara (1931-1967) who explained that
education is an individual effort to consciously humanize young individuals.
Being a learning agent, the teacher carries out his duties by carrying out
planning, carrying out, evaluating and following up on the acquisition of the
learning process (Laras, 2020). Teachers as
agents often carry out updating of information, teachings and skills aligned
with student dynamics. The scientific approach contained in the 2013 curriculum
for teachers is prosecuted for having the ability to give birth to a generation
that is productive, creative, innovative and adaptive (Agung, 2019). Industry
4.0 brought a lot of changes to the activities of individual living
arrangements. The good result of Industry 4.0 is on the effectiveness and
efficiency of human resources and financing. Through the existence of industry
4.0 the era of digitalization began. Jobs that have experienced a reduction are
due to being replaced through digital systems. The competitiveness of employees
in the industrial era 4.0 is very strong (Pur, 2020). The
industrial era 4.0 requires employees who have skills in digital literacy,
technology, and individuals. It is undeniable that Industry 4.0 also has a high
influence on the realm of education in Indonesia. Requires a good learning
process in order to give birth to the younger generation as required by
industry 4.0. The implication of the learning process in the 4.0 revolution era
is that every individual with education is required to function well in the
individual environment. The actions and skills developed in the industrial era
4.0 include Humanity, Communication, and Design. The development of the
cognitive capacity of professional teachers is also very much needed. The
teacher's cognitive capacity includes Higher Order Mental Skills, critical
thinking and systematic. This is very crucial in order to survive in the era of
the industrial revolution 4.0 (Ahmad, 2018).
In order to establish good human resources, it is inseparable from the role
of the education system in Indonesia. Various breakthroughs have been carried
out through the Indonesian government. Starting from curriculum changes to
improving the quality of teachers to become educators (Klikkalsel:
2020). The curriculum that runs at various schools in Indonesia starting from
the elementary, junior high to high school levels is curriculum 13 or what is
known as K13. The curriculum already covers character education. The latest
promotion in the world of education in Indonesia began with the speech of the
Minister of Education and Culture Nadiem Makarim during the commemoration of National Teacher's Day
2019. He explained the renewable breakthrough in the learning process which was
recognized through the Freedom of Learning Policy. Merdeka Learning Nadiem's proposal has the understanding that
independent teachers have the definition of an educational unit or school, teachers
and students have the freedom to innovate, learn independently, and be creative
(Kompasiana, 2019).
METHOD
This study uses a literature review research method.
Literature research is the analysis of various conceptual information and
qualitative or quantitative data collection through various previously
published scientific articles (Snyder, 2019). The method used
in this study is a literature study which has the function of being a
prosecution in the study of an assessment problem (review of research) (Mulyadi, 2012). In this literature review,
books, journals, and websites have been summarized and analyzed. The location
in this study is focused on the Cirebon Regency area, because currently Cirebon
is ranked 25th out of 27 cities/regencies in West Java, which makes it an
interesting reason to conduct research.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
A. Reasons To Choose Independent Learning
Freedom to
learn is not just a jargon. Its implementation in the class can be carried out
in class paths and folder paths. Freedom of learning is a design that leans in
three respects, namely: Responsibility in learning objectives in line with
needs, interests and aspirations. Independence to carry out meaningful learning
with various methods and patterns and reflections.
In order to
establish superior human resources, the Indonesian state is obliged to make
improvements to the education system. During the Coordination Meeting with the
Provincial and Regency/ City Education Offices in Jakarta on December 11 2019, Nadiem explained that there were four implementations of
the national learning process. The four implementations became the national
education policy of "Freedom of Learning". These implementations are:
1. USBN changed to
a test
Based on Nadiem, the current state of USBN provides limitations on
the implementation of the motivation for the National Education System Law
which gives schools the authority to determine graduation. For the direction of
its renewable policy, in 2020 USBN was then replaced through examinations which
were only administered through schools. Then, the test is carried out in order
to provide a student competency score. The exam is in the form of a written
test and or other forms of providing relatively comprehensive scores. Such as
portfolios and assignment assignments, so that teachers and schools feel more
independent in assessing student learning outcomes. Moreover, it is hoped that
the USBN budget will be shifted in order to develop the capacity of teachers and
schools to improve the quality of learning.
2. 2021 UN is
replaced
The Minister Nadiem reviewing the current state of UN lessons so that
students and teachers tend to test mastery of the material, not reasoning
competence. Then, the National Examination is felt to be the responsibility of
students, teachers and parents because it is a measure of the success of
students becoming human. Due to the 2020 period, the UN was then run last. As
his successor, in 2021, the UN will be changed as AKM and SK. The proposal for
Independent Learning by Minister of Education and Culture Makarim
The assessment was not carried out according to subject matter or mastery of
curriculum lessons as has been implemented in the National Examination so far,
but carried out mapping on two minimal competencies of students, namely
literacy and numeracy. The assessment is carried out on students in the middle
of the school level. The renewable policy directives are also proposed for
implementation at the international level, such as PISA and TIMSS.
3. RPP shortened.
During the RPP,
the teacher was briefed to accompany the form of the RPP rigidly. But then the
teacher has the freedom to choose, make, use and develop the form of lesson
plans. In the past, there were so many elements in the RPP and teachers were
asked to write in detail. But then the abbreviation was made, namely the RPP
containing the purpose of the learning process, learning activities and
assessments. RPP is only 1 page. Until the writing of the lesson plans is
carried out efficiently and effectively which makes the teacher have time to
prepare and evaluate the learning stages.
4. PPDB zoning is
more flexible
For the most
recent �Independence Learning� program, Nadiem
explained that the Ministry of Education and Culture continues to use the
zoning system for PPDB. Among policies, PPDB is relatively flexible to
accommodate unequal access and quality in various regions. Based on Nadiem's opinion, the PPDB component of the
zoning route can accept a minimum of 50 percent of students, a minimum of 15
percent of affirmations, and a maximum of 5 percent of transfers. For
cross-performance or the remaining 0-30 percent, others are aligned with
regional conditions. "The region has the authority to determine the final
proportions and decide the zoning area," said Nadiem
(Adit, 2020).
Freedom to
learn can be called autonomy in the realm of education. The policy of
educational autonomy began in this era. Giving the independence of the
education unit, giving the independence of teachers, students can provide a
stimulus for the emergence of renewable innovations. Students can learn
independently and creatively so that all Indonesian students who are diverse
from ethnicity and culture can have a variety of different learning methods.
Explained by Dr. Yuli Bangun Nursanti, M.Pd, Head of the Education and Culture Office of Wonigiri Regency. The target for Free Learning is in the
stages of the learning process. Now at the learning stage, we still meet many
students who can't give thoughts by analyzing. In
Merdeka learning, it is hoped that the development of critical and analytical
thinking methods can be carried out.
The National
Examination was then replaced through an exam that was carried out in a
relatively simplified design, not a lot of memorization and questions with an
analytical nature that became the implementation of HOTS. Here what is
prioritized is the ability to have critical, logical, reflective, and meta-cognitive
thoughts. In the HOTS learning process, students are given the opportunity to analyze a question and evaluate it. Through it, students
can also do creation. The UN was then replaced through the theory of AKM and
SK. Use the AKM theory, the materials include Literacy and Numeration. Literacy
is related to the use of language and numeracy is related to mathematics. This
renewable policy direction also leads to implementation including at the
international level such as PSIA and TIMSS. The decline in Indonesia's ranking
in PISA 2019, which is at number 72 out of 77 nations in terms of literacy,
mathematics, and science or science released by the OECD, should be a time to
revamp the direction of political education policy and the implementation of
education that is currently taking place.
B. Implementation of Independent Learning In Cirebon
District
The
implementation of independent learning requires stages and time, requires
alertness, requires agreement, and solidarity. Because this policy is something
that is renewable, students and teachers are both obliged to prepare themselves
and provide motivation together. Through this paradigm change, in order to
advance education, all teachers are required to master IT. It is hoped that the
previous generation of teachers can adapt and be able to coexist with the
current generation of teachers. For better education, now is the time for the
public to take part in overseeing the implementation of the "Freedom of
Learning" policy. Indeed, it is not easy, the impact of Indonesia's
education system which has been "coated", especially the culture of
teachers in teaching. UN is not abolished. However, changes have been made to
AKM and SK which are based on literacy, numeracy and student character
education (Yunus, 2019).
The independent
learning program which became educational reform then obtained gains that gave
joy when carried out in real terms. The government is obliged to eliminate
policies that are not in line with the burden of teachers. Carry out the
preparation of renewable policies carried out by regulations and implementation
in education. If this matter is carried out further action, it is not
impossible that the free learning program can be achieved which then makes
teachers and students truly independent in learning so as to produce a good
young generation.
Among the
independent learning programs proposed by Nadiem Makarim that have been implemented and implemented, the
PPDB zoning system is more flexible. Indeed, it should be mandatory to
acknowledge the existence of a zoning system that is running so that
prospective students who have achievements cannot get the opportunity to choose
the desired school because they have a long distance between the school and
their home. However, through the flexibility in the zoning system, the local
government can create renewable regulations related to the zoning system.
Renewable regulations are various paths that students can take to register
themselves at the school they want. The paths include pure zoning, achievement,
affirmations and mutations.
Based on the
explanation that has been submitted on the implementation of the Free Learning
Policy promoted by the Indonesian Minister of Education Nadiem
Makarim in Cirebon Regency, it is hoped that it can
increase the education rank of Cirebon which previously occupied the 25th
position in West Java, to be able to rise to the top.
CONCLUSION
Independent learning in the industrial era 4.0 is learning
that is carried out based on IT. The role of the teacher is to prepare so that
students exist to face the 4.0 revolution era. With the existence of IT,
students can be free to find sources of information from anywhere. However, the
role of the teacher will never be replaced. The role of teachers who cannot be
replaced by IT is the task of educating in instilling norms, ethics, and
compassion.
The independent learning program launched by the Minister
of Education and Culture Nadiem Makarim
is to improve the education system in Indonesia. The independent learning
program is relevant to the goal of national education, namely to form a young
generation who is not only intellectually intelligent but also has good
character traits such as responsibility, discipline, honesty, has the ability
to think critically and analytically and become independent humans so that they
are able to express their opinions without feeling scared and depressed.
It turns out that the abolition of the UN does not need to
wait until 2021. In 2020, the UN is abolished due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The
learning process has also changed from face-to-face to an online system. This
is where it is clear that IT can also change the education system in Cirebon
Regency. Many problems are faced in learning by using this online system. One
of them is internet network access. Many areas cannot access the internet
network. Therefore, a policy policy is needed to
unravel these problems. At this time the government has allowed face-to-face learning
in certain areas by taking into account various health
protocols.
REFERENCES
Adit, A. (2020). Aplikasi Pembelajaran Daring Kerjasama
Kemendikbud, Gratis!
Agung, P. (2019). Mengubah paradigma penggunaan handphone
Bukan Untuk Bermain Tetapi Untuk Belajar. Mengubah Paradigma Penggunaan
Handphone Bukan Untuk Bermain Tetapi Untuk Belajar.
Ahmad, I. (2018). Proses Pembelajaran digital dalam era
Revolusi Industri 4.0. Jakarta: Direktorat Jenderal Pembelajaran &
Kemahasiswaan Kemenristekdikti. Google Scholar
Bakroni, M. (2017). Pro Kontra Sistm Zonasi Dalam PPDB, DERAP
GURU Jawa Tengah No 210 Th XVII- Juli 2017. Lontar Merdeka � Semarang. Google Scholar
Cach�n-Rodr�guez, G., Blanco-Gonz�lez, A., Prado-Rom�n, C.,
& Feito, C. D.-C. (2022). How Sustainable Human Resources Management helps
in the evaluation and planning of Employee Loyalty and Retention: Can Social
Capital make a difference? Evaluation and Program Planning, 102171. Scopus
Hasnawati. (2021). Pola Penerapan Merdeka Belajar Pada
Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Dalam Meningkatkan Daya Kreativitas Peserta
Didik Di Sman 4 Wajo Kabupaten Wajo. Tesis. Google Scholar
Kompasiana. (2019). Kebijakan �Merdeka Belajar� Kembalikan
Literasi Pendidikan ke Khitah.
Laras. (2020). Penyederhanaan RPP berdampak Positif. DERAP
GURU Jawa Tengah Edisi 241 Th XXFebruari 2020 Lontar Merdeka � Semarang. Google Scholar
Muzammil, A. (2016). Kebijakan Pemerintah Dalam Bidang
Pendidikan Dari Orde Lama Sampai Orde Baru (Suatu Tinjauan Historis). POTENSIA:
Jurnal Kependidikan Islam, 2(2), 183.
https://doi.org/10.24014/potensia.v2i2.2537 Google Scholar
Pur. (2020). Merdeka Belajar Dan Penghapusan UN,DERAP GURU
Jawa TengahEdisi 241 Th XX � Februari 2020. Lontar Merdeka � Semarang. Google Scholar
Sapt. (2019). Google Tidak Selalu Positif, Ini Dampak
Negatifnya, DERAP GURU Jawa Tengah Edisi 233 Th XIX � Juni 2019. Lontar
Merdeka � Semarang.
Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research
methodology: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 104,
333�339. Scopus
Teguh, W. (2017). ZONASI Aturan Bagus Yang perlu di tinjau
lagi, DERAP GURU Jawa Tengah No 210 Th XVII �Juli 2017. Lontar Merdeka -
Semarang.
Tudor, S. L. (2013). Formal�non-formal�informal in education.
Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 76, 821�826. Scopus
Yunus, S. (2019). Hanya 59 Menit Baca Per Hari, Sebab
Budaya Literasi Indonesia Rendah.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INDEPENDENT
LEARNING CURRICULUM IN CIREBON DISTRICT