INTRODUCTION
Language is a tool to
communicate in social life between individuals. Language makes humans interact
with each other Nisja through Gunawan (2013). Language
is the result of human thinking that regularly uses tools and sounds. While
politeness in language is an aspect of communicating so that it runs well
without causing problems between individuals. Politeness is a term that has to
do with respect, attitude, behavior, or politeness. In its application to
everyday life, politeness and good and proper behavior are related to
non-verbal behavior (Yulia
et al., 2019). Language is a communication tool that everyone uses
in their daily lives to transmit their meaning and actions (Rabiah,
2018). Moreover, In general, humans cannot be isolated from the use
of language in everyday life. A person can express his opinion (ideas/
thoughts) as well as his desire to convey his opinions and facts through
language (Budiyono, 2021).
This study is a branch
of pragmatics The structure of the language is reviewed in the branch of
linguistics pragmatics which is used as a means of communication between one
another, also becomes a reference in grammar in lingual literature which is
related to elements that are not included in language, for example the meaning
to be conveyed, information , as well as context and speech (Verhaar, 1996). According to Brown
and Levinso (1987) positive speech act
compensation has the aim of creating a good image for the listener and speaker.
While negative politeness is often used when the speaker does not want to
offend the listener when communicating (Cahyaningsih,
2013). Moreover, positive politeness emphasises obligations above
rights, which means that its techniques interact with the situations in which
they are implemented (Prayitno, et al., 2022).
The above
understanding can be concluded that language politeness is a procedure for
communicating verbally. In terms of language we have cultural norms, which are
the rules in conveying what we think. Taracara
discusses using the norms and culture found in the community where they live.
Language procedures are very important for fluent communication. Therefore,
language procedures are expected to receive more attention so that what is
conveyed can be well received without causing problems in the future. Given
that often people who use speech that is not in accordance with language
procedures are considered as arrogant, arrogant, naughty, disrespectful, do not
know manners, even uncultured.
Based on the
background of the problem above, the researcher is interested in conducting a
research entitled "Speaking Politeness as Positive and Negative Speech
Acts by the Characters of "Habibie & Ainun"
(2012)". How the characters perform positive and negative speech acts, and
how the characters communicate. The role of norms and culture in speech acts is
certainly very important, therefore communication can run smoothly without
causing problems in the future.
METHOD
This study uses a
qualitative approach with analytical methods, to conduct an in-depth analysis
related to data findings from the film "Habibie & Ainun".
Qualitative research has the aim of investigating, describing, explaining, and
knowing the quality of the film as a result of social influences that cannot be
measured and explained through a quantitative approach. While content analysis
is a technique of analyzing data from communication between individuals that
has occurred in certain situations (Saryono,
2010).
The data of this
research comes from the results of watching, studying, and analyzing the film
"Habibie & Ainun" which was released in
2012 which was directed by Faozan Rizal. Data
retrieval carried out by researchers with purposive sampling technique where
the selection of data and its use is only in accordance with the purpose of the
study. To check the validity of the data, this study uses analytical
techniques, including:
1)
Collecting data in accordance with the research, namely the use of positive
and negative speech acts in the film;
2)
Grouping data by type, positive and negative speech act politeness;
3)
Make conclusions based on research results.
RESULTS
AND DISCUSSION
The following presentation is the
result of positive and negative speech act politeness findings performed by the
characters in the film "Habibie & Ainun" in the current
situation, their use, and explanations:
Datum 1: Politeness of Positive Speech Acts
Ainun: Mr. Imam Sukotjo said that they did not refuse, but the industry was
not ready.
In the dialogue
above, it is shown that Ainun re-emphasized the
purpose of the letter received by Habibie, in which Habibie had sent a letter
to the ministry in Indonesia to propose himself as an aircraft maker and
promote industry in Indonesia. However, the letter that came was a statement
that the industry in Indonesia was not ready to make airplanes. Ainun, who saw Habibie saddened by the arrival of the
letter, tried to tell Habibie again that Indonesia had not refused, it was just
not ready. Ainun's presentation made Habibie look
better, because refusing and not being ready of course had a different meaning.
Anisah
and Nurul (2021) citing Brown and Levinson
defines that one of the reasons for positive speech acts used by speakers is to
pay attention to wants, likes, and needs. This explains that Ainun paid attention to Habibie in his words above.
Datum 2: Politeness of Positive Speech Acts
Sumohadi: �This lady is as beautiful
as Ainun. I don't know this, who is lucky?"
Habibie: "Of course I
am."
The remarks
conveyed by Sumohadi's character to Ainun at the party about how beautiful she is, shows that
she conveys a compliment or praise to Ainun who is
the wife of Habibie who is talking to him. The enthusiasm that Habibie
expressed as a lucky person to be able to get Ainun
certainly got a happy smile from Ainun. Ainun and Habibie expressed happiness by smiling and
laughing at that moment. The speech delivered by Sumohadi
was a positive speech act which brought happy laughter from Ainun
and Habibie.
Datum 3: Politeness of Sumohadi's
Negative Speech Acts
Sumohadi: "This clock is not
left behind, this is indeed for you, sorry it's not much."
Habibie: "Sorry, I can't
accept it. Pak Hadi, if you want to follow something
then you can submit a proposal to me, then you can join the project. It's not
like this."
In this speech,
Habibie said that the actions taken by Sumohadi were
wrong, because they did not comply with the proper procedure, namely bribing in
order to participate in the project. The action taken by Sumohadi
certainly received a negative response from Habibie. He bribed Habibie to be
involved in the ongoing aircraft construction project.
Datum 4: Politeness of Negative Speech Acts
Journalist 1: "Would you
like to hear the story of the war in Iraq, sir?"
Reporter 2: "What is
it?"
Journalist 1: "The story
is in Iraq, mas. So the American plane is passing by, mas, I'm sorry�. Shoot
and shoot, but the plane just passed. Well, this is from Indonesia, too. Ngueng�. Shoot shoot shoot, what do you want to shoot? Later it will fall on its
own hahahaha."
In the
conversation above, it can be seen that the journalists underestimated the hard
work of the nation's children led by Habibie. This certainly offended Habibie,
who at that time was accidentally in the same room but was blocked by a booth
with reporters. Speech made by journalists creates negative feelings which
means this is a negative speech act.
From the
discussion above, it can be said that the characters in the movie "Habibie
& Ainun" have used positive and negative
speech acts based on the context of the communication situation. As already
mentioned, politeness in language and speech acts is an effort to establish
good relationships with other human beings. Good speech can minimize conflicts
that will occur in the future.
CONCLUSION
Based
on the researcher's findings, it can be concluded that the characters in the
film "Habibie & Ainun" use positive
speech acts to their interlocutors according to the norms and culture around
them. Therefore, say and say good things and do good actions according to the
existing language politeness. In terms of communication, the language used must
be paid more attention so that our interlocutors feel respected so that we as
speakers will be respected as we respect them.
In
the film "Habibie & Ainun" which was
released in 2012, it also shows how positive and negative speech acts are, but
the characters use more positive speech acts. Meanwhile, negative speech acts
are used less frequently.
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POLITENESS MAXIMS AS A POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE SPEECH
ACT BY THE CHARACTER �HABIBIE & AINUN� (2012)