INTRODUCTION
Since the beginning, state organizations adhere to the
principle of centralization. With this principle, the formation and
implementation of policies takes place at the top of the hierarchy of state
government organizations. In large state organizations, the principle of deconcentration is also adopted as a refinement of
centralization. The principle of deconcentration
allows the formation of policies at the top of the organizational hierarchy,
while its implementation is carried out by government officials at lower
organizational levels and is spread regionally (Aritonang, 2016). The government
apparatus that implements the policy receives a delegation of authority from
the government as the policy maker. Implementation of the principle of deconcentration creates field administration or local state
government. The relationship between the government apparatus that implements
the policy and the policy makers is an intra-organizational relationship, both
centralized and deconcentrated, which is intended to ensure uniformity of
policies and their implementation in state organizations (Anara, 2018).
In large organizations (viewed from various
dimensions) and which adhere to the notion of democracy, in addition to
centralization and deconcentration, the principle of
decentralization is also held (Susanto, 2019). With
decentralization, there will be the formation and implementation of policies
that are spread across various levels of sub-national (regional) government.
This principle serves to create diversity in the administration of government
in accordance with the conditions and potential of the community.
Decentralization serves to accommodate the diversity of society so that
structural and political variations are realized to channel the aspirations of
the local community as an embodiment of decentralized regional autonomy in the
autonomous regions that are formed. Decentralization is seen as the autonomy of
a society in a certain area (territory). Autonomous regions in the tradition in
Indonesia are legal community units that have certain territorial boundaries
and have regional autonomy. Regional autonomy is the authority to make policies
(regulate) and implement policies (manage) based on their own initiatives (Wulandari & Ilyas, 2019). People who are in
a certain territory as owners and subjects of regional autonomy (local
government or local autonomy). The adoption of decentralization in state
organizations does not mean the abandonment of the principle of centralization
because the two principles are not dichotomous, but rather a continuum. It is
impossible to hold decentralization without centralization. Decentralization
without centralization will lead to disintegration. Regional autonomy, which
essentially contains the burden and freedom of initiative, requires government
guidance and supervision so that it does not transform into sovereignty. The
relationship between the government and the autonomous region is a relationship
between organizations and is reciprocal (Tang & Vandenberghe, 2020).
Autonomous regions are government creations. The
government also has the authority to abolish it. Even though the relationship
with the government is the relationship between organizations, in a unitary
state, autonomous regions are under (subordination) to the government (Al Wadud, 2016). An autonomous
region is not a sovereign body or a 'state within a state'. Juridically, there
are three (3) patterns of autonomous regions, namely: 1) Provinces, namely
autonomous regions whose communities and territories include several regencies
and cities; 2) Regency, which is an autonomous region in which the whole or
most of the community and its territory are rural in nature; 3) Cities, namely
autonomous regions where the whole or most of the people and their areas are
urban. Moreover, decentralization, which is followed by the expansion of
regional autonomy, sometimes does not fully mean that the region has full
authority over the development and management of resources in the region (Sandiasa & Agustana, 2018).
As a unitary state, the function of the regional
government is to carry out only part of the functions of the state government
as a whole (Akbal, 2017). The actual
deployment of regional administration in the domain of res publicae
management began autonomously only the following year, as the self-governing
regions got their own resource (Mura et al., 2014). The
administration of government in the regions based on the principles of
decentralization, deconcentration and
co-administration tasks governors, either as representatives of the central
government or as regional heads, while regents or mayors are placed only as
regional heads, not as representatives of the government. Regional autonomy belongs
to the local community. The community as the subject and object of regional
autonomy. The community concerned is obliged to actively participate and must
also benefit from the implementation of regional autonomy or the implementation
of regional government (Subarkah & Bisri, 2012). Therefore, there
are variations in the conditions and potentials of an autonomous society, so
there are structural and political variations in the implementation of
autonomy. Thus, decentralization creates diversity in governance and local
norms. The diversity of regional government administration remains within the
framework of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia so that regional
units cannot be separated from one another. The Unitary State of the Republic
of Indonesia as a non-negotiable price. It is understood that the
socio-cultural characteristics and the political-legal-economic conditions
differ from one region to another. In determining policies to face the life of
this pluralistic society, special wisdom is needed so that the benefits of
justice are felt by all regions and interested parties. Conceptually, every
policy that is set should be based on the norms and values of the community,
where the policy is enforced (Anshar & Setiyono, 2020).
A policy cannot only be based on the thoughts of the
policy makers alone, but must also be based on information about the real world
from public life itself (Rais, Dien, & Dien, 2018). A policy that
does not pay attention to the real conditions of the community will result in
an attitude of rejection both passive and active so that the policy cannot be
implemented properly by the community and local government. Thus, information
from the real world, especially the community environment which is the subject
and object of implementing the policy, needs to be collected as much as possible
in making a policy. The implementation of regional autonomy which is one of the
grand public policies of the NKRI government system is faced with the real
world, in the form of differences in socio-cultural characteristics and unequal
political-legal-economic conditions between regions. The success of the
implementation of regional autonomy will be largely determined by the extent to
which policy makers understand the situation and conditions of each of these
regions (Dadang, 2013). Philosophically,
regional autonomy is the empowerment of regions so that they can develop their
regions in accordance with their human resources (HR) and natural resources,
provide the best service for the community and empower the people in the area.
The central government also provides guidance and facilities so that regional
development and development remain within the corridors of the Unitary State of
the Republic of Indonesia. Therefore, there will be no impression that the
regional autonomy policy is a policy that is only based on the wishes of the
central government.
The purpose of the enactment of Law (UU) No. 21 of
2001 concerning Special Autonomy (Otsus) for the Papua Province is one of the
answers to this question as a form of commitment to upholding the 1945
Constitution. in each area. At present, without realizing it, the
implementation of Law Number 21 of 2001 has been running for 21 years since the
law was passed by the government on November 21, 2001. This Special Autonomy is
a special authority that is recognized and granted to the Papua Province to
regulate and manage the interests of the local community according to its own
initiative. based on the aspirations and basic rights of the Papuan people.
Most of the people gave their approval to the enactment of Law no. 21 of 2001,
because this is a new stage of the relationship between the central government
and the Papuan government which is quite good and asymmetrical.5 With the presence
of this Special Autonomy Law, it proves that officially the Papua issue is no
longer underestimated by the central government. The tension that peaked as the
fruit of endless disputes, was finally resolved by the birth of this law.
Although there are still some who think that the policy of granting Special
Autonomy by the center is not the answer to the needs of the Papuan people, but
instead it adds to the pain of the heartache of the Papuan people because this
government policy is not pure and Special Autonomy. socio-cultural aspects
possessed by indigenous Papuans, in addition to the political-legal-economic
aspects. This is as stated in the 3 (three) basic values of the 7 (seven)
Basic Values of Special Autonomy for Papua as the basic framework that drives
the mindset and perceptions of policy makers in formulating the vision and
mission, as well as formulating a work agenda in accordance with the goals and
expectations of the seven the base value. These basic values become the spirit
for the formulation of article by article that looks technocratic and legal.
The seven basic values are: 1) Protection of the
basic rights of indigenous Papuans; 2) Democracy and democratic maturity; 3)
Respect for ethics and morals; 4) Respect for human rights; 5) The enforcement
of the rule of law; 6) Respect for pluralism; 7) Equality of position, rights
and obligations as citizens. People in West Papua Province, like other people
in Indonesia, in the spirit of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia
carry different aspirations, namely the Free and Sovereign Aspirations as their
own nation and state. Comparing with the people of the Province of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (NAD) as supporters and founders
of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, it has specificity in the
form of different aspirations as well as in the Province of West Papua. The
Special Autonomy Policy provides a wider range of possibilities for the Papuan
people to develop and actualize themselves in various aspects and lines of
life, even though it does not have to be in a position as a separate country
from the Republic of Indonesia. In order to realize the cultural representation
of OAP, the MRP was formed, which is the cultural representative of the Papuan
people who have certain authorities in the context of protecting OAP's rights,
based on respect for customs and culture, empowering women, and strengthening
religious harmony. Special autonomy, which is noted to have wider latitude than
autonomy in other regions (which is based on Law No. 22/1999), also basically
develops the principles of deconcentration and
decentralization. Because these two things are the main and non-negotiable
components in the implementation of a policy called regional autonomy (not
giving freedom). Viewed from the political side, regional autonomy is to foster
political awareness of the people in the regions, namely in conveying and
aggregating political aspirations. Meanwhile, on the other hand, it can sharpen
the function of the people's representatives in the regions in formulating the
aspirations of the people into a government policy.
Table 1
District/ City Human Development Index of West Papua
Province 2016-2021
|
No
|
Regency
|
2016
|
2017
|
2018
|
2019
|
2020
|
2021
|
|
1.
|
Manokwari
|
70.34
|
70.67
|
71.17
|
71.67
|
72.01
|
72.02
|
|
2.
|
South Sorong
|
61.93
|
59.20
|
60.19
|
62.42
|
61.01
|
62.46
|
|
3.
|
Sorong
|
62.42
|
63.42
|
64.32
|
65.29
|
65.74
|
65.77
|
|
4.
|
Manokwari
|
57.12
|
58.08
|
58.84
|
59.72
|
59.84
|
59.85
|
|
5.
|
Sorong
|
76.33
|
76.73
|
77.35
|
77.98
|
78.45
|
78.49
|
|
Papua
|
62.21
|
62.99
|
63.74
|
64.81
|
92
|
65
|
|
.
|
-
|
7139
|
-
|
-
|
West
|
City
|
This has
resulted in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) or the Sustainable
Development Goals Agenda as a global development agreement. with the theme
"Changing Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development".
The SDGs contain 17 Goals and 169 Targets, which are a global action plan for
the next 15 years (effective from 2016 to 2030), to end poverty, reduce
inequality and protect the environment.
%201190-1201.fld/image003.jpg)
Figure 1. West
Papua's SDGs Performance Achievement
Based on 17 (seventeen) SDGs Goals Agenda, where the
achievement of 7 (seven) SDGs in West Papua Province, in several SDGs
indicators compared to other provinces in Indonesia. This can be seen in Figure
1, which shows the average value of the SDGs for West Papua and other provinces
with the highest, normal and lowest scores for each indicator. On the right
side, West Papua's ranking for each indicator is listed, which is
between 1 for the highest performance and 34 for the lowest performance. Data
by province in Indonesia is divided into four quartiles (dark blue for the best
quartile and red for the lowest quartile). West Papua's SDGs performance
achievement is quite good for SDGs 4 (Quality Education) and SDGs 6 (Access to
Clean Water and Sanitation). Meanwhile, the other Agenda Objectives are still
red as shown in Figure 1.
Based on the above background, it can be identified problems in the
implementation of special autonomy, including:
1. The
implementation of Special Autonomy to date has only been limited to the
allocation of state revenue and expenditure budget funds transferred to West
Papua which is described through a strategic program from the Provincial
Government,
2. Dissemination
of the Special Autonomy Law which has not run effectively, both at the central
government level and at the regional level and the Papuan people, causing
different understandings.
3. The
implementation of the Special Autonomy Law has not run optimally in accordance
with the mandate of the Law due to different perceptions In realizing the
substance of the Special Autonomy Law for Papua, there are still many
components of the Papuan community who do not understand properly and correctly
the nature of Papua's Special Autonomy. This is evident from the various
perceptions, interpretations and even erroneous policies from Papuan political
elites, practitioners, academics and the wider community towards the content
contained in Law no. 21 of 2001.
The administration of the regional government of West Papua Province as
other regional governments in Indonesia is based on Law Number 22 of 1999
concerning Regional Government. However, with the enactment of Law Number 21 of
2001 concerning Special Autonomy for Papua, the regional government of West
Papua Province uses this law. Then the first revision was carried out with the
ratification of Law Number 35 of 2008 concerning Special Autonomy for West
Papua and the second revision with the ratification of Law Number 2 of 2021. In
the implementation of Papua's special autonomy, there are actual conditions
that are very crucial, for example the determination of 2% of the general
allocation fund. which ends in 2021, the central authority to carry out
expansion, the establishment of a special autonomous body involving the Papuan
People's Assembly and the Papua Province House of Representatives, the new
autonomy fund and the welfare of all Papuan people as the essence of regional
autonomy. Therefore, in the formulation of the problems in this study, the
emphasis is on how effective the implementation of West Papua's special
autonomy has been from the political-legal-economic aspects, socio-cultural
aspects, and monitoring evaluation aspects, where these aspects have been
listed in each article in Law no. 21 of 2001.
The problem formulation of this research is whether the implementation of
special autonomy for West Papua Province has been effective based on the
political-legal-economic aspects. Has the implementation of special autonomy
for West Papua Province been effective based on socio-cultural aspects. Has the
implementation of special autonomy for West Papua Province been effective based
on aspects of monitoring and evaluation. Is the effective factor in the
implementation of special autonomy for West Papua Province caused by factors
from both the central government and local governments. The purpose of this
research is to understand and analyze the effectiveness of the implementation
of Law no. 21 of 2001, which has been amended by Law no. 35 of 2008 concerning
Special Autonomy for West Papua based on the political-legal-economic,
socio-cultural, monitoring-evaluation aspects that exist in the Province of
West Papua, which has been accommodated in each chapter and article of Special
Autonomy in order to be able to carry out sustainable development in the
province. West Papua. The purpose of this research is to analyze. The
effectiveness of the implementation of special autonomy for the Province of
West Papua is based on the political-legal-economic aspects. The effectiveness
of the implementation of special autonomy for West Papua Province is based on socio-cultural aspects.effectiveness
of the implementation of special autonomy for West Papua Province is based on
aspects of monitoring and evaluation. Factors that affect the effectiveness of
the implementation of special autonomy for the Province of West Papua, both
central and local government administrators.
The novelty of this research, among others, the theme and title of this
research has not been found from previous research. The location of this
research is more than 1 (one) district/ city in West Papua Province, because
previous research is enough to do in 1-2 locations (regency/ city). Respondents
of this study involved parties with an interest in the implementation of
special autonomy in West Papua, namely elements of special autonomy
administrators and elements of non-autonomy organizers. Previous research has
only one element, the special autonomy administrator (direct local government
element) or the non-special autonomy administrator element. The use of
analytical methods with an inferential analysis approach using the Binomial
Logistic Model or Binary Logistic Model in this study, has not been found in
previous studies, especially related to research on the Effectiveness of the
Implementation of Special Autonomy; and the use of Convergent Parallel
(Sequential Explanatory) Mixed Methods research design. This research approach,
a researcher combines quantitative and qualitative research, analyzing them
separately.
METHOD
This research method uses a combination research method (mixed methods).
According to (Tashakkori & Creswell, 2007)
and (Sugiyono, 2015), the combined
research method is a research method that combines or combines quantitative
methods and qualitative methods to be used together in a research activity in
order to obtain more comprehensive, valid, reliable and objective data. In this
study using a research design Convergent Parallel Mixed Methods. This research
approach, a researcher collects quantitative and qualitative data, analyzes
them separately. Then compare the results to see whether the findings support
each other or not. The main assumption of this approach is that both
qualitative and quantitative data provide different types of information and
together produce the same supposed results. According to (Tashakkori & Creswell, 2007)
and (Sugiyono, 2015), the sequential
explanatory model combination research method is characterized by collecting
data and analyzing quantitative data in the first stage, followed by data
collection and qualitative data analysis in the second stage in order to
strengthen the results of quantitative research conducted in the first stage. Moreover,
analyze the data as a whole and then draw conclusions from the data analysis.
According to (Sugiyono, 2015), 6 quantitative
research methods are research methods based on the philosophy of positivism,
used to examine certain populations or samples, data collection using research
instruments, quantitative or statistical data analysis, with the aim of testing
predetermined hypotheses. In obtaining quantitative data by using survey
methods to obtain data from certain natural (not artificial) places, the
researchers carried out treatment in data collection, by distributing them through
questionnaires. The steps in the quantitative method are determining problems/ potentials
and formulating problems, conducting theoretical studies and formulating
hypotheses, collecting and analyzing data to test hypotheses, and then
conclusions can be made based on the results of hypothesis testing.
Furthermore, the method used in this study is a qualitative research
method. Sugiyono, qualitative research is a research
method based on the philosophy of postpositivism,
used to examine the condition of natural objects where the researcher is the
key instrument, the sampling of data sources is inductive/ qualitative, and the
results of qualitative research emphasize meaning rather than generalization.
In this study data collection through sources (informants). Qualitative
research is based on a natural background holistically, positions humans as
research tools, performs inductive data analysis, is more concerned with the
process than the results and the results of the research carried out are agreed
upon by the researcher and research subjects. The population of this research
is all related parties who have been paying attention to the implementation of
Special Autonomy in West Papua Province. This research was determined
'deliberately' on the grounds that even though the de facto province of West
Papua as a new province in Indonesia has been running since the inauguration of
the Governor of West Papua on July 24, 2006. The sample areas in West Papua
Province that are sampled are the embodiment of cities, districts and the new
regencies as a result of the division which include: Manokwari
Regency as the capital city of West Papua Province, Sorong City, Sorong Regency
and South Sorong Regency.
Qualitative data can take any form, such as interviews, observations,
documents, and notes. Qualitative data can be instrument data, observational
checklists, or numerical records, such as census data. The key idea with this
design is to collect both forms of data using the same or parallel variables,
constructs, or concepts. In other words, if the concept of self-esteem is
measured quantitatively, the same concept is asked during the qualitative data
collection process, as in open interviews. The purpose of data analysis is to
simplify all collected data, present it in a systematic arrangement, process
and interpret. Data analysis in this study was carried out
"deductively" because the research was guided by theories that could
be presented based on the results of a theoretical review (library review).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter
reviews the findings and analysis of research that has been carried out. The
first part, in this chapter, reviews the implementation of special autonomy for
West Papua Province related to the political-legal-economic aspects. The second
part discusses the implementation of special autonomy for West Papua Province
related to socio-cultural aspects. The third part discusses the implementation
of special autonomy for West Papua Province related to aspects of monitoring
and evaluation (monev). Meanwhile, in the fourth section, discusses the results of the
analysis of the factors that influence the ineffectiveness of the
implementation of Special Autonomy in West Papua Province, both central and
regional governments.
A. Description of Respondents' Perceptions of the Implementation of
Special Autonomy in West Papua Province
1.
Based on
Political Aspects of Regional
Division of regions in Law
no. 21 of 2001 concerning Special Autonomy for Papua Province is contained in
Chapter III, Article 3. Based on the results of this study, it shows that some
respondents (67%) gave the perception that the implementation of Special
Autonomy in West Papua Province based on Regional Division was effective and
33% of respondents gave the perception that the implementation of Special
Autonomy has not been effective. It can be seen that the perception of the
respondents who gave the perception that the implementation of Regional
Division had been effective or not.
2.
Regional Authority
Regional Authority in Law no.
21 of 2001 is stated in Chapter IV, Article 4. Based on the results of this
study, it shows that most respondents give the perception that the
implementation of special autonomy in West Papua Province based on this
Regional Authority has been effective, where this regional authority includes
authority in all areas of government, except the authority in the fields of
foreign policy, defense and security, monetary and
fiscal, religion and justice as well as certain authorities in other fields as
determined in accordance with statutory regulations.
3.
Form and Structure of Government
Form and structure of
government in Law no. 21 of 2001 is stated in Chapter V, Part One, Article 5.
Based on the results of this study, it is shown that the implementation of
special autonomy in West Papua Province based on the Form and Structure of
Government, most of the respondents (89%) stated that it had been effective.
4.
Legislative Body
Legislative Body in the
Special Autonomy Law no. 21 of 2001 is contained in Chapter IV, Part Two, in
Articles 6-10. Based on the results of this study, it shows that most
respondents (64%) give the perception that based on this Legislative Body, the
implementation of special autonomy in West Papua Province has not been
effective.
5.
Executive Board
Executive Board in Law no.
21/2001 is contained in Chapter V, Part Three, Articles 11-18. Based on the
results of this study, some respondents (54%) gave the perception that the
implementation of special autonomy in West Papua Province based on the
Executive Board had been effective and 46% of respondents gave the perception
that the implementation of special autonomy in West Papua Province had not been
effective. It can be seen that the perception of respondents who gave the perception
that the Executive Board has been effective or not.
6.
Papuan People's Assembly
Papuan People's Assembly
(MRP) in Law no. 21/2001 is contained in Chapter V, Fourth Part, Articles
19-25. Based on the results of this study, most respondents (60%) gave the
perception that the implementation of Special Autonomy in Papua Province based
on the MRP was not yet effective, while respondents who gave the perception
that the implementation of Special Autonomy in Papua Province based on the MRP
had been effective were 40%.
7.
Equipment and Personnel
Equipment and Personnel in
Law no. 21 of 2001 is contained in Chapter VI, in Articles 26-27. Based on the
results of this study, it shows that most of the respondents (62 respondents)
or 54% gave the perception that based on this apparatus and staff, the
implementation of special autonomy in West Papua has been effective. Meanwhile,
respondents who gave the perception that the implementation of special autonomy
based on Equipment and Personnel had not been effective at 46% (52
respondents).
8.
Political Parties
Political Parties in Law no.
21/2001 is stated in Chapter VII, Article 28. Based on the results of this
study, it shows that most of the respondents (73 respondents) or 64% give the
perception that the implementation of special autonomy in West Papua Province
based on the Political Party variable is still not effective and respondents
who give the perception that the implementation of special autonomy based on
political parties has been effective by 36% (41 respondents).
9.
Cooperation and Dispute Resolution
Cooperation and Dispute
Resolution in Law no. 21/2001 is contained in Chapter XXII, Articles 69-70.
Based on the results of this study, it shows that most of the respondents (104
respondents) or 92% gave the perception that the variable of Cooperation and
Dispute Resolution in the implementation of special autonomy in West Papua
Province has not been effective. Meanwhile, respondents who gave the perception
that the implementation of special autonomy based on the variable Cooperation
and Dispute Settlement was effective only 8% (10 respondents).
10.Description of Respondents' Average Perceptions of the
Implementation of Special Autonomy in West Papua Province, Based on Political
Aspects
Based on the description of
Table 4.10, it was found that the average perception of respondents regarding
political aspects, where most of the respondents, 53% (60 respondents) gave the
perception that the implementation of special autonomy in West Papua Province
based on the Political Aspect has been effective. Meanwhile, those who gave the
perception that the implementation of special autonomy in West Papua Province
based on Political Aspects had not been effective at 47% (54 respondents).
B. Description of Respondents' Perceptions of the Implementation of
Special Autonomy in West Papua Province
1.
Based on
Legal Aspects of Perdasus, Perdasi
and Governor's Decree
Perdasus, Perdasi
and Governor's Decree in Law no. 21/2001 is contained in Chapter XXVIII,
Articles 29-32. Based on the results of this study, it shows that most of the
respondents, 94% (107 respondents) gave the perception that the implementation
of special autonomy in West Papua Province based on the Perdasus,
Perdasi and Governor Decree variables was not yet
effective. While respondents gave the perception that only 7 respondents (6%)
said that the implementation of special autonomy in West Papua Province based
on Perdasus, Perdasi and
Governor's Decrees in the context of Special Autonomy in West Papua Province
had been effective.
2.
Law and Human Rights
Law and Human Rights in Law
no. 21 of 2001 is contained in Chapter XII, Articles 45-47. Based on the
results of this study indicate that most of the respondents, 76 respondents
(67%) gave the perception that the implementation of special autonomy in West
Papua Province based on Human Rights variables has not been effective.
Meanwhile, respondents who gave the perception that based on the variables of
Law and Human Rights in the context of special autonomy in West Papua Province,
38 respondents (33%).
3.
Judicial Powers (Customary Courts)
Judicial Powers (Customary
Courts) in Law no. 21/2001 is contained in Chapter XIV, Articles 50-52. Based
on the results of this study, it shows that most of the respondents, 75
respondents (66%) gave the perception that the implementation of special
autonomy in West Papua Province based on the variable of Judicial Power
(Customary Courts) was not yet effective. Meanwhile, the respondents who gave
the perception that the implementation of special autonomy based on the variable
of Judicial Power (Customary Courts) had been effective were 39 respondents
(34%).
4.
Description of Respondents'
Average Perceptions of the Implementation of Special Autonomy in West Papua
Province, Based on Legal Aspects
Based on the description of
Table 4.14 below, it was found that the average respondents' perceptions
related to the Legal Aspects, where most of the respondents (75% or 86
respondents) gave the perception that the implementation of Special Autonomy
based on Legal Aspects has not been effective, while those who give the
perception that the implementation of Special Autonomy related to Legal Aspects
have been effective are 257% or 28 respondents.
Based on the results of data processing, it is known that the
effectiveness of the implementation of special autonomy in West Papua Province
in terms of the political-legal-economic, socio-cultural and
monitoring-evaluation aspects is generated by the estimated regression equation
obtained. Test the coefficients together through the likelihood ratio, the
value of –2 log likelihood is 24,030. This number is relatively small, the
smaller the value of -2 loglikelihood, the better. Meanwhile, the results of
the coefficient test per aspect through the Wald test showed that all factor
coefficients were statistically significant, namely politico-legal-economic,
socio-cultural and monitoring-evaluation. As a result, these significant
coefficients have a confidence interval of Exp (B) which is smaller than the
coefficients which are not statistically significant at = 5%.
CONCLUSION
Based
on the objectives, hypotheses and discussion of the research results,
conclusions can be drawn, among others, the implementation of special autonomy
for the Province of West Papua based on the political-legal-economic aspects is
still not effective, it can be accepted that by strengthening the
political-law-economic field, so that by strengthening the in the
political-legal-economic field, the implementation of West Papua's special
autonomy will be more effective. This can be seen based on the description of
the average perception of respondents related to the Political-Legal-Economic
aspects, where most of the respondents (55%) stated that the implementation of
the Political-Legal-Economic Aspects in the context of implementing Special
Autonomy had not been effective, while those who stated that the implementation
of the Special Autonomy had not been effective. This Special Autonomy from the
Political-Legal-Economic aspect has been effective for only 45%. The
implementation of special autonomy for West Papua Province based on
socio-cultural aspects is still not effective, it is acceptable so that with
strengthening in the socio-cultural field, the implementation of special
autonomy for West Papua will be more effective. The implementation of special
autonomy for West Papua Province based on monitoring and evaluation aspects is
still not effective, it is acceptable so that with strengthening in the field
of monitoring and evaluation, the implementation of special autonomy for West
Papua will be more effective.
Along
with the change in the paradigm of good and responsible governance, new
strategic concepts in government management are needed. New concepts developed
through a series of scientific research activities by conducting studies on the
effectiveness of the implementation of special autonomy need to be reproduced
while still paying attention to their quality so that it becomes clearer what
needs to be improved in the implementation of special autonomy in the future.
Further research is needed on the effectiveness of implementing special
autonomy using the PCA (principal component analysis) model because it can
better answer the real needs of the people of West Papua. PCA as a technique
used to simplify data, by transforming the data linearly to form a new
coordinate system with maximum variance. Principal component analysis can be
used to reduce the dimensions of a data without significantly reducing the
characteristics of the data and perform a principal component analysis of the
implementation of special autonomy to avoid the problem of multicollinearity
between independent variables in multiple regression models. Principal
component analysis is an intermediate analysis of a major research process or a
prelude to the next analysis, not an analysis that ends immediately.
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