INTRODUCTION
Literary work is a phenomenon or community identity,
both related to the pattern of structure, function, as well as activities and
socio-cultural conditions as the background of people's lives at the time the
literary work was created. As an imaginative work, literature offers various
human and human problems, and life. Moreover, literary works are emotionally
evocative as they enable readers to create worlds that they may not be familiar
with, relying on language to do so (Tevdovska, 2016).
�One of the
literary works that describe the daily events experienced by certain figures or
communities is a short story. Short stories are non-factual works of fiction.
Categorized as non-factual fiction, because it is the result of a writer's
imagination. Non-factual here also means that the short story does not require
data and facts that support the truth of its contents. However, short stories
are also not just imaginary made up without going through reflection on the
nature of life and life. Nurgiyantoro (2018) says that it is not
true if fiction is considered as the result of mere daydream, but intense
appreciation and contemplation, reflection on the nature of life and life,
reflection carried out with full awareness and responsibility.
Before knowing whether a particular short story
provides benefits, we need to analyze it first. Nurgiyantoro (2018)
explains structure of literary works suggests understanding the relationship
between elements (intrinsic) which are reciprocal, mutually determining,
influencing each other, which simultaneously form a unified whole. Abrams in (Nurgiyantoro, 2018)
explains that the structure of literary works is the arrangement, affirmation,
and description of all materials and parts that become components which will
later become a whole. In other words, through structural analysis, it means
that a short story will be analyzed by showing how the relationship between its
elements is.
In addition to analyzing the structure, the important
thing that must be considered in a short story is the moral value. Through
moral values, readers can catch the author's intent. This is supported by the
opinion of (Nurgiyantoro, 2018)
who says that fiction contains a moral application in the attitudes and behavior
of the characters in accordance with the author's view of morals.
Literature as an imitation of life should contain
social values, views of life, and the experience of appreciating the author's
values which are told in a new concept. According to (Sugiarti, 2009) literature cannot be separated from the values of
human life and the tendency for social change that accompanies it. Thus, a
literary work has a close relationship with the conditions in which the literary
work was made.
Indonesia is a country with a majority Muslim
population. Islamic teachings and traditions have become an everyday culture in
Indonesia, and have even influenced political, economic and government life. In
addition, God and man are the primary sources of� Islamic value; the value from God is the
lessons of goodness found in the Quran, in which God's message is absolute but
how it is implemented in the form of behavior is relative (Amaliah, Aspiranti, &
Purnamasari, 2015). The entry of Islam into Indonesia through
peaceful means so that Islam in Indonesia is synonymous with friendly Islam.
However, the friendly face of Islam and rahmatan lil alamin was gradually
tarnished by acts of terror and the spread of radicalism in Islam.
Radical comes from the word radic which means to think
deeply in exploring the root of the problem (Saladin, 2018). In
its development, radicals in religion have shifted from a philosophical way of
thinking to become a political movement of religion or politicized religion,
namely religious people who think they are right, while others are wrong.
Radicalism is a struggle related to ideology or organization that intends to
make socio-political changes in a drastic and fast way (Nurjannah, 2013).
One form of radical action is terrorism. Terrorism can
be interpreted as an act of violence by a group of people, either extremist
groups or ethnic groups, as a last resort to obtain justice. Terrorism becomes
a weapon for certain groups or weak minority groups to achieve certain goals (Salim,
2005). Furthermore, violent radicalism fostered by Islam should be
combated in schools by civic education based on human rights (Llorent-Bedmar
et al., 2020).
Short stories as a form of literary work are reading
materials that are often read because the story is short so it does not require
a long time to read. The storyline is simple, straightforward, and easy to
understand, making short stories more widely read than other forms of
literature. Various interesting things about short stories are not enough to
state that short stories are an interesting literary work if they do not
contain meaningful and useful values for the readers. A short story thus must
contain didactic values in addition to containing aesthetic values. A short
story is valuable if the reader is interested, can capture the content well,
and can reveal everything that makes the reason that the work is a quality work
and deserves to be read. One of them is a short story entitled This
Silence, such a Goat by Eko Triono.
This
Silence, such a Goat is the work of
Eko Triono which was published in the West Java Tribune on May 20 2018. At that
time, Eko Triono presented events that were booming in Indonesia. This Silence,
The Goat Once It Feels is also considered to tell the story of the bombing
incident and the short story has relevance to the social life of the community.
METHOD
This research analyzes the short story �This
Silence, such a Goat� using a
structural study. This study focuses on the integration between the intrinsic
elements of the short story. Between themes, settings, plots, points of view,
and characters must have a reciprocal relationship, determine, and influence
each other so as to form a complete short story. In other words, through a
structural study, it can be seen whether the short story being studied has a
relationship between its elements or not.
In addition to analyzing using a structural study, the
researcher will also examine and describe the representation of radicalism, as
well as the moral values that the short story writer wants to convey to the
reader. The representation of radicalism is in the form of views on the issue
of radicalism regarding the bombing. Moral values can be in the form of
religious messages or social criticism. Moral values can also be conveyed by
the author through a direct (explicit and explicit) way, or it can also be an
indirect way. The indirect method used by the author when conveying the message
will provide a different interpretation of each reader. However, conveying the
message indirectly implies that a short story is not patronizing its readers.
The short story that is analyzed structurally, the
representation of radicalism, and its moral values in this study is entitled
This Silence, The Goat Once It's felt by Eko Triono. To ensure the accuracy of
the analysis the researchers conducted data collection; (1) reading the short
story " This Silence, such a Goat" intensively, (2) analyzing the integration between the intrinsic
elements of the short story and describing it, then (3) analyzing the radical
representation and the moral elements the author wants to convey in the short
story and describing it.
�
RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION
A. Results
The results of structural analysis research on the short story �This Silence, such a Goat� show that the
short story has a relationship between its intrinsic elements. Theme, setting,
setting, plot, point of view, and characters, support each other. In other
words, Eko Triono managed to combine the intrinsic elements of the short story
well, so that simultaneously it formed a unified whole.
In addition to its structure which has a relationship between elements, the
short story �This
Silence, such a Goat� also presents a radical representation and a moral
message that is full of social criticism. The moral message is conveyed by Eko
Triono indirectly, so that the reader will not be impressed by being tutored by
the author.
B. Discussion
Structurally, the short story �This Silence, such a Goat� by
Eko Triono's work is terrorism in this country. Researchers consider terrorism
as the theme of the short story, supported by other elements in the story.
Theme can also be said as the meaning of the story. The meaning of the story �This Silence, such a Goat� is
supported by the setting and atmosphere presented by Eko Triono as the place
and occurrence of terrorism. The characterizations, plot, and point of view
also lead to the same theme, namely terrorism. As an author, Eko Triono raises
the theme as a life problem that is increasingly happening. The researcher's
interpretation of this theme is based on the story presented by the character
'I.' The character 'I' is a traveler in Malioboro who does not know anything
and a chef who entrusts goats to him. The reader will read the theme through
the 'I' character. Another intrinsic element in this short story is proof of
data and story details that support the theme. Through the theme, readers can
understand the meaning that Eko Triono wants to convey.
As mentioned in the theme section, the setting of the
place described along with the setting of the atmosphere is described by Eko
Triono to support the interpretation of the theme. The background depiction of
the short story �This
Silence, such a Goat� will bring the reader as if they were in
Malioboro Yogyakarta. The short story begins with a description of the sidewalk
garden of Malioboro street. As with the place, Eko Triono also describes the
atmosphere well to support the theme. The morning atmosphere when the traders
had not started their activities was well displayed. That way, it is as if the
reader is entering the atmosphere.
It is not only the setting and atmosphere that succeed
in entering the reader's soul in the short story �This Silence, such a Goat�
but also the plot. The plots presented are closely related to the setting and
theme. The rules that must exist in plotting are all filled in. Starting from
the plot, it is plausible, meaning that it can be trusted by the reader,
according to the demands of the story, and has a coherent life experience. One
event is related to another event. Starting with the character 'I' who was
sipping his morning coffee on the sidewalk of Malioboro street, incidents
started from a hotel chef who left the goats because there were state guests
who ordered goat guling. In terms of plausibility, the short story �This Silence, such a Goat� looks
pretty good in terms of developing events, conflicts, and climaxes. However,
this short story has a reasonably good plotting rule. In addition to
plausibility which is one of the plotting rules, another rule is suspense. The
level of suspense is felt in this short story, so that the reader is
inquisitive about it. This Silence, a Goat Once It feels like a slick story,
the plot that Forster says in (Nurgiyantoro, 2018) as
a mysterious intellectual plot will be felt by readers. Eko Triono wrote the
short story �This
Silence, such a Goat� by dealing with stories that gradually
separate events that have a logical or direct relationship. That is what the
researcher means an intellectual mysterious plot. This mystery also includes
this short story as a short story that has a plotting rule in the form of
surprise. Eko Triono presents a surprise in the parts towards the end of the
story. The reader gets a surprise when what happened to the character 'I'
towards the end of the short story.
After the theme, setting, and plot, the other intrinsic
elements interconnected in the short story of �This Silence, such a Goat� is
the point of view. 'I' became the character who became the center of the story
or the point of view in the short story This Silence, The Kambing Once It
Feels. Eko Triono makes consequences through the point of view of 'I,' who is a
traveler. Another intrinsic element that is no less important in shaping the
story is the characters and characterizations. Eko Triono created the main
character 'I' as a simple character. Simple here refers to (Nurgiyantoro, 2018)
opinion, namely a character who only has one particular personal quality, one
particular trait or character. Eko Triono describes the character 'I,' who is a
traveler. Nurgiyantoro
(2018) then
completes his opinion about a simple character who can take various actions.
However, all of his actions can be returned to his character and has
formulated. In addition to the character 'I,' the characters created by Eko
Triono are female chefs and men in black jackets. The female chef is a
terrorist who carries a bomb inserted into the stomach of a goat. In addition
to the female chef character, there is also a male character in a black jacket
who is an inn owner who offers an empty room to the character 'I.'
This short story was formed dynamically by Eko Triono
to relate to another. The theme raised is terrorism in this country. In
addition, good plot rules are also present in the short story and support the
existence of the theme and setting because it has plausibility, suspense, and
surprise. In addition to the four intrinsic elements, another element is called
the angle of view. 'I' (the traveler) becomes the character who becomes the
center of storytelling or the center of the point of view in this short story.
The common thread between the point of view and other elements is by presenting
the character 'I,' a female chef, and a man in black who is involved in acts of
terrorism taking place in this country.
As mentioned earlier, the representation of radicalism
is a view or struggle related to an ideology or organization that intends to
make socio-political changes drastically and rapidly. The term radicalism is
often interpreted differently among interest groups. Within the scope of
religious groups, radicalism is a religious movement that seeks to completely
overhaul the existing social and political order by using violence (Rubaidi, 2007).
Meanwhile, in the study of social science, radicalism is defined as a view that
wants to make fundamental changes under its interpretation of social reality or
the ideology it adheres to (Hasani &
Naipospos, 2010).
Radicalism is closely associated with religions. The phenomenon of radicalism
occurs in almost all religions, whether it causes violence or not. Eko Triono
also conveys the phenomenon of radicalism as in the following paragraph;
�The
goat came closer to me and sniffed the detector in the second guard's hand,
tit-tit-tit. The second guard inspected the goat's body completely. The
detector beeped louder as it crossed the goat's stomach. The attitude was alert
and there was an immediate panic among the guards. Fast communication. Here and
there. Emergency codes� (Triono, 2018).
Fundamentalism
will be accompanied by radicalism and violence when the freedom to return to
religion is hindered by the socio-political situation that surrounds society (Sb, 2016).
This phenomenon can foster open conflict or violence between two opposing
groups (Turmudzi, 2004).
Radical actions may be driven by actually good motives, such as the desire to
make changes to create better socio-political conditions. The character 'I' is
accused of being a terrorist who will blow up the hotel by inserting a bomb
into the stomach of the goat he is carrying. Radical actions that cause harm
and chaos to society are contrary to any religion and contrary to the sense of
justice. Radical actions that often occur take victims and harm various
parties. Society will shape personal character (Alwisol, 2014).
Society forces and frustrates people with demands to behave contrary to human
nature, as in the following paragraph.
"Where?
Around the hotel? What are you guys planning? What other things are planted?
You guys want to blow up the hotel? You want to kill the state guest accused of
destroying your group? Answer!". �Why is he doing all this in a city that
is peacefully nothing short of what? Creating chaos to give birth to heroes,
power, elections, or what issues?� (Triono, 2018).
From the contents of
the short story above, it can be seen that Alwisol said that certain people or
groups behaved contrary to human nature. This is in the form of radical actions
in the community to carry out bombing actions. Eko Triono also conveyed local
wisdom upheld by the Javanese. Radmila (2011) reveals Javanese
culture from ancient times was a noble culture holds many noble values, from
ethics and courtesy at household to good manners in the public sphere. Javanese society with
uniqueness in religion and culture. A society that is open to change,
especially a revolutionary spirit who lives in a society that wants to change
everything already exists. What is meant in this case is people who can have an
open spirit and attitude in responding to a change or renewal of culture. Meanwhile, according to Sodiq (2008), religious and cultural values
are core values for the society, which are seen as
the basis for realizing the ideals of a united, tolerant, and prosperous life.
Belief in these values as a way to build a harmonious life among
humans diversity, life perspectives, and ethnic groups diversity, social
groups, and abilities.Moral values are a message from the author. Moral values
can be in the form of messages of social criticism. If you look
closely, the message of social criticism that Eko Triono wants to convey is
clearly illustrated at the beginning of the story, in a paragraph with a
sentence that reads;
�The
state is only for humans who have wallets. Never mind a wallet, you just don't
have a pocket� (Triono, 2018).
"The
state is only for humans who have a wallet" This social problem is related
to how humans meet their needs for limited community resources. In meeting the
needs of life, there are still many economic imbalances in society. This
economic inequality will generally lead to poverty. In addition to the problem
of poverty, economic factors can also cause other social problems, such as
crime, education, and other things.
Based
on the analysis results above, the short story �This Silence, such a Goat�
has conveyed a representation of radicalism and moral values to
its readers. In the beginning, the researcher described this short story indeed
has the peculiarities of the terrorist phenomenon and moral values. One side
describes the phenomenon of terrorism that should not be imitated, namely the
bombing. On the other hand, it explores social criticism in this country.
Indirectly conveying moral values is vulnerable to different
interpretations from each reader, however Eko Triono has succeeded in making
readers ponder and live their meaning intensively.
CONCLUSION
This short story of �This Silence, such a Goat� was formed dynamically by Eko Triono, that
make one element with
other elements is interrelated. The theme raised is terrorism. The theme is
reinforced by the circumstances of the situation that occurred at that time.
The plotting rules are quite good, because this
short story has plausibility,
suspense, and surprise that support the existence of themes and
other elements. In addition to the four intrinsic elements, there is another
element called the angle of view. The character 'I' becomes the center of
storytelling or the center of the point of view in this short story. The common thread between
point of view and other elements is to present the character 'I' whose
characterization is a simple traveler, as well as female and male chefs in
black jackets. These three figures are involved in stories about acts of
terrorism.
In addition to the interrelationships
between elements in the short story �This Silence, such a Goat�, the short story also presents
elements of radicalism and moral values that Eko Triono wants to
convey. As mentioned earlier, that moral value is a message from the author, it
can be in the form of messages of social criticism. Even though all the
messages conveyed by Eko Triono are not clear, the reader can catch the
elements of radicalism and moral values in the short story. The
representation of radicalism in the short story describes acts of terrorism
that should not be imitated. The other side of the moral value of social
criticism is the discrimination of upper and lower social classes. People with
upper social class can do everything compared to the lower social class which
is limited by certain things due to several limitations. Indirectly conveying
moral values is actually vulnerable to different interpretations
from each reader, but Eko Triono actually succeeded in making the reader ponder
and live the meaning intensively.
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