THE PERFORMANCE OF HIGH RESOLUTION NEUTRON POWDER DIFFRACTOMETE

Introduction*

Currently in Tasikmalaya Regency as mandated by Law no. 22 of 2009 on Road Traffic and Transportation and Presidential Instruction No. 4 of 2013 on the Road Safety Action Decade Program, requires the government to provide policies for the safety of its citizens.

The purpose of this research is to know the requirement of pedestrian facility at research location in Tasikmalaya Regency which is safe, comfortable, and humane so as to fulfill the needs of pedestrian users both in terms of number and standard of its provider.

* Corresponding author.

E-mail address: [email protected]

Article with open access under license

Besides, in this research, the planning of integration between the pedestrian paths so that the linkage of pedestrian paths to the building structure, the accessibility of the environment, and the transportation system

Method

Location and Time of Study

The research location in this study is Tasikmalaya Regency, West Java. This research was conducted in 2019 for 3 months.

Method of Collecting Data

1. Primary Data

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The primary data collection method in this study was observing and surveying the field. Primary data in this research are as follows.

Survey of school location inventory;

Car traffic enumeration survey; and

Pedestrian traffic surveys survey.

2. Secondary Data

Secondary data collection method in this research is to take the required data in relevant agencies and search for various sources relevant to the research topic.

Survey Method

1. Survey of school location inventory

The school site inventory survey was conducted by walking along the road segments in Tasikmalaya District and determining the location of schools that have direct access to roads.

2. Survey of traffic enumeration

The vehicle traffic enumeration survey was conducted on road segments that were direct access from school locations. Survey conducted at 06.00-07.00 where in that time period is the peak time of school children to go to school location.

3. Pedestrian traffic surveys survey

Pedestrian traffic surveys are conducted at school location points. The survey was conducted to obtain pedestrian data that travels across and across the street. Survey conducted at 06.00-07.00 where in that time period is the peak time of school children to go to school location.

Analysis Method

1. Pedestrian Analysis Method

a. Sidewalk

* PV²

Formulation of crossing facilities based on volume of pedestrian (P) and volume of vehicle (V)

Sidewalks can be directed to roads with a pedestrian volume of more than 300 people per 12 hours (06.00-18.00) and more than 1,000 kendraan vehicles per 12 hours (06.00-18.00). The pavement free space is not less than 2.5 meters and the free depth is not less than 1 meter. Side freedom is not less than 0.3 meters. Planning of the installation of utilities other than having to meet the pavement free space must also comply with the provisions in the user manual for the installation of the utility.

The width of the sidewalk should be able to serve the volume of existing pedestrians. The minimum width of the sidewalk can be seen in the table below.

Table 1. The minimum width of the sidewalk

Classification of Road Plans		Min Standard. (m)	Min.Width (Exception)
Type	Class I	3,0	1,5
	Class II	3,0	1,5
	Class III	1,5	1,0

Source : Tata Cara Perencanaan Fasilitas Pejalan Kaki di Kawasan Perkotaan, 1995

Information :
Minimum width is used on bridges of 50 meters or more in tunnels where the volume of pedestrian traffic is 300-500 persons per 12 hours.

b. Crossing Facility

Pedestrian crosswalk facilities are closely related to the sidewalk, then pedestrian crossing facilities can be a sidewalk extension. For crossings with zebra cross and pelican crossing should be placed as close as possible to the intersection. The location of the crossing must be clearly visible to the rider and placed perpendicular to the axis of the road.

The basis for determining the type of ferry facilities is as follows:

Table 2. Crossing Facilities Based on PV^2*

No.	PV²	P	V	Rekomendation
1	> 10⁸	50 - 1100	300 – 500	Zebra Cross
2	> 2 x 10⁸	50 - 1100	400 – 750	Zebra Cross wit a waiting rack
3	> 10⁸	50 - 1100	> 500	Pelican
4	> 10⁸	> 1100	> 300	Pelican
5	> 2 x 10⁸	50 - 1100	> 750	Pelican with a waiting rack
6	> 2 x 10⁸	> 1100	> 400	Pelican with a waiting rack

Source : Tata Cara Perencanaan Fasilitas Pejalan Kaki di Kawasan Perkotaan, 1995

Picture 1. Dasar penentuan fasilitas penyeberangan berdasarkan PV²

2. Conextivity Analysis Method

The integrity analysis is used to obtain optimal results in the planning of pedestrian facilities that are connected between the pedestrian path to the structure of the building, the accessibility between environments, and the transportation system. The concept of integration is assessed through its connectivity index. The area of pedestrian ups and downs connected by a complex network of pedestrian facilities means having a high spatial interaction pattern. To know the strength of interaction of a region is used index of connectivity which is formulated as follows:

α = ----------

Description:

α = connectivity index

e = number of pedestrian networks

v = number of pedestrians / pull of a pedestrian

results and discussion

Research sites

The location of the research based on the survey of school location inventory that has been done is as follows:

1. SD Negeri 3 Mangunreja on Jl. Paledang;

2. SD Negeri Cintawana on Jl. Peledang;

3. SD Negeri 1 dan 2 Cipakat on Jl. K. H. Zaenal Musthafa;

4. SMA Negeri 1 Singaparna on Jl. K. H. Zaenal Musthafa;

5. SMP Negeri Padakembang and SD Negeri 3 Cisaruni on Jl. Bantarpayung;

6. SD Negeri 2 Cintaraja on Jl. Raya Cintaraja;

7. SD Negeri 1 Cintaraja and SD Negeri 1 Cikunir on Jl. Raya Singaparna;

Vehicle Volume

Vehicle traffic enumeration surveys are divided into 3 types of vehicles, namely light vehicles (LV), heavy vehicles (HV), and motorcycles (MC). Based on the traffic survey results that have been done, it can be seen that the volume of vehicles on each road segment is relatively large. Motorcycles are the most vehicles (dominating) the volume of vehicles on each road segment at the study site. In addition, it can be seen that the volume of heavy vehicles (buses and trucks) has considerable volumes on several streets at the survey sites. Vehicle volume based on vehicle traffic survey can be seen in the table below.

Table 3. Vehicle volume

No.	Street Name	Arus Total
No.	Street Name	Veh./12Hours	smp/12Hours
1	Jl. Paledang
	West	2856	1909.95
	East	2627	1751
2	Jl. K.H. Zaenal Musthafa
	North	3613	2368.1
	South	9911	6233.9
3	Jl. Bantarpayung
	North	4310	2429.3
	South	4565	2528.75
4	Jl. Raya Cintaraja
	West	9512	6960.65
	East	2151	1615
5	Jl. Raya Singaparna
	North	11883	6417.5
	South	10778	5809.75

Source : Survey results and data processing, 2019

Walking Volume

Based on the results of the survey that has been done, it can be seen that the number of pedestrians is relatively large on some roads in the study sites. However, there is an enormous volume of pedestrians on K. H. Zaenal Musthafa road. This is because the segment Jl. K. H. Zaenal Musthafa is not only a school location, but there are residential areas that have direct access to highways and office locations.

Table 4.

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Pedestrian volume

No	Street Name	Pedestrian (people / 12hours)
No	Street Name	Cross	Down the road
1	Jl. Paledang	350	412
2	Jl. K.H. Z. Musthafa	4100	2234
3	Jl. Bantarpayung	841	902
4	Jl. Raya Cintaraja	648	639
5	Jl. Raya Singaparna	166	333

Source : Survey results, 2019

Recap of Survey Results

The survey results and calculations made can be used as a basis for planning pedestrian facilites in the form of sidewalks. Sidewalks can be directed to roads where there are more than 300 pedestrian volumes per 12 hours (06.00-18.00) and vehicle volume of over 1,000 vehicles per 12 hours (06.00-18.00).

To make it easier to read the survey results data, then created a recap of the survey results to determine the volume of vehicles and pedestrians on each road segment at the study site. Recap of survey results are as follows.

Table 5. Recap survey results

No.	Name of Street	Vehicle Volume	Pedestrian (people/12Hours)
No.	Name of Street	(veh/12Hours)	Cross	Down The Road	Total
1	Jl. Paledang	5.483	350	412	762
2	Jl. K.H. Zaenal Musthafa	13.524	4.1	2.234	6.33
3	Jl. Bantarpayung	8.874	841	902	1.74
4	Jl. Raya Cintaraja	11.662	648	639	1.29
5	Jl. Raya Singaparna	22.661	166	333	499

Source : Survey Results and Calculation, 2019

Based on the results of the survey and the calculation, it can be seen that all roads in the study sites have a very large vehicle volume and almost all research sites have a vehicle volume of more than 1,000 kend./12 hours.

Neither with the volume of pedestrians can be seen in the above table an average of more than 300 pedestrians per 12 hours.

Based on the above description, it is necessary pedestrian facilities in the form of sidewalks on all roads in the research location because based on survey results and calculations, the sidewalks can be applied to all research sites.

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Design of the sidewalk on Jl. Paledang
Design of the sidewalk on Jl. Bantarpayung
Design of the sidewalk on Jl.KH.Zaenal Musthafa
Design of the sidewalk on Jl.Raya Cintaraja
The cross section of the sidewalk on Jl. Singaparna		Desain Trotoar di Jl. Singaparna

Picture 2. Proposed Sidewalk at Research Sites

Recommended Crossing Facilities

Ferry facilities are incomplete because the ferry facilities are no less important facilities in ensuring pedestrian safety. Recommended ferry facilities are determined based on the number of crossers and the volume of vehicles. Recommended ferry facilities can be seen in the table below.

Table 6. Recommended Cross Facilities

Nama Jalan	P		V		PV²		Rekomendation
Jl. Paledang		40		645		16.641.000		Zebra Cross
Jl. K.H. Zaenal Musthafa		468		1591		1.184.639.508		Pelican Crossing
Jl. Bantarpayung		96		1044		104.633.856		Zebra Cross
Jl. Raya Cintaraja		74		1372		139.296.416		Zebra Cross
Jl. Raya Singaparna		19		2666		135.043.564		Zebra Cross

Source : Results of data processing, 2019

Based on the results of data processing mentioned above, the majority of recommended crossing facilities is Zebra Cross. However, there is one segment that requires pelican crossing, which is on Jl. K. H. Zaenal Musthafa because of its high pedestrian activity and large vehicle volume.

Accesibility of Pedestrian Facility

The concept of pedestrian alignment theory is used in order to make pedestrian facility planning more convenient for its users.

* Indeks Konectivitas

A number that indicate the level of connectivity in an area

Eksisting Condition

Plan Kondition

From the results of the above analysis, it can be concluded connectivity of pedestrian integration between areas of pedestrian rise/pull in Tasikmalaya Regency education zone to be better than before. By connecting Jl. Paledang with Jl. Garut-Tasikmalaya, Jl. Bantar Payung- Jl.Garut-Tasikmalaya.

CONCLUSION

Based on the results of surveys and data processing that has been done, it can be seen that the research location in Tasikmalaya Regency has a large volume of vehicles and not a few heavy vehicles (buses and trucks) that cross the road on the study site. It is because the road segment at the research location is the main route for freight transport to travel from and to other cities/districts. Therefore, pedestrian facilities such as sidewalks and pedestrian facilities are necessary to separate vehicular traffic with pedestrian activity to minimize conflicts (vehicles and pedestrians). In one of the research sites, namely on Jl. K. H. Zaenal Musthafa needs a pelican crossing because of the huge volume of vehicles and the very high pedestrian volume because there are many travel rides for pedestrians at that location (schools, offices, and settlements).

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