Introduction
Da'wah
in etymological terms comes from the Arabic data - yad's - da'watan
which means inviting, calling, and calling. The word da'wah has been mentioned
many times in the Qur'an as many as 213 times. This is proof that da'wah is
very important in the development of Islam, so Allah repeatedly mentions the
word da'wah in the Qur'an.
Da'wah
contains the meaning as an activity, an invitation in the form of oral,
written, behavior and so on which is carried out consciously and planned to
influence other people both individually and in groups so that an understanding
of awareness, appreciation, and experience of the teachings arises in him.
religion as a message conveyed to him without any element of coercion (Siga, 2016).
Da'wah
is also an integral part of Islamic teachings that must be carried out by every
Muslim. This obligation is reflected in the concepts of Amar ma'ruf and nahi Munkar, namely orders to invite people to carry out positive-constructive
behavior while at the same time inviting them to leave and distance themselves
from negative-destructive behavior. This concept contains two implications of
meaning at once, namely the principle of the struggle to uphold the truth in
Islam and efforts to actualize the truth of Islam in social life to save them
and the environment from damage (alfasad) (Pimay, 2006).
Da'wah
must be carried out in various ways so that it can always be accepted by the
community, this then makes da'wah a process of social change, where changes in
values at the individual level can propagate to society due to
social interactions between individuals, both as preachers and as preachers.
honey. With the emergence of the view that da'wah is seen as a process of
communication and a process of social change, the strategy of da'wah that is
focused on verbal means is no longer adequate. Especially if da'wah activities
are dealing with various social problems and challenges in the current new
media era.
However,
so far, people have misunderstood the meaning and understanding of da'wah, in
which da'wah is only seen as a lecture or tabligh.
Such an understanding is wrong because it narrows the meaning of da'wah itself.
Because lectures and tabligh are only a small part of
the da'wah method. The meaning of da'wah is very broad, therefore to understand
da'wah requires two approaches as follows: first, understanding da'wah as a
science as well as other sciences. This da'wah science arises because of
natural phenomena that are free will (due to free thought) and specifically
this science is applied science. Second, understand da'wah practically as an
action and action to be developed.
Understanding
the essence of da'wah, this da'wah activity is often understood as an effort to
provide Islamic solutions to various problems in life, both those related to
the problems of 'ubudiyah, mu'amalah,
and ijtimaiyah. The construct of da'wah is strongly
influenced by the quality of the interaction between the standardization of the
basic ideology and the creativity of the proponents of da'wah in displaying the
ideology by the structure and pattern of the developing culture. In addition,
Islamic da'wah should not be solely oriented towards splendor but is mostly
directed at deepening and developing insight. This is very important because
considering that in a pluralistic society, an open but not dissolving attitude
is needed, and a cosmopolitan but personality attitude is needed. Moreover,
with the development of science and communication technology, Islamic da'wah must
also be able to take advantage of these technological advances.
In
Indonesia, the number of village residents will decrease to be replaced by the
majority of urban people; either because of urbanization or because of settlements
that have become urbanized. At that time, many people will work in the service
industry and trade, the number of relatively educated people will be higher,
the average elementary school education will be replaced with an average high
school graduate because of the 12-year compulsory education program. Various
forms of industry and business will increasingly change because we have entered
the ASEAN Free Trade Era which began in 2003 and the World Free Trade Era in
2020 and above.
In
reality, da'wah and socio-cultural reality always influence each other. Because
Islamic da'wah can have an influence on its environment, in the sense that it
can provide a philosophical basis, direction, motivation, and guidelines for
community change, to create a new society with a culture that smells of Islam.
On the other hand, Islamic da'wah is also influenced by changes in society in
terms of its existence, style, and style as well as intended direction.
The
process of Islamic da'wah will face problems, in line with the development of
human civilization itself which involves politics, economy, society, culture,
and science which is always changing. Because it is also related to changes in
the value of the human perspective on the changes that occur (Darwis, 2019).
Communities
consisting of various socio-religious and complex cultural backgrounds
sometimes find it difficult to receive da'wah messages. One of the reasons is
because the da'i often regard the object of da'wah as
a vacuum society, even though now they are dealing with a community setting
that has a variety of conditions with various problems, a society with various
values and plurality in the way of life, a society that often
experiences changes in a dynamic way. fast, which leads to a functional society,
a global society, and an open society (Anas, 2006).
The
occurrence of the industrial revolution 4.0 makes technology develop
extraordinary, as well as bringing positive and negative effects to society,
inevitably the community will face the impact of this 4.0 industrial revolution
era, in the form of political, cultural, economic, and ideological aggression
that marginalizes and disqualifies the established traditional structure of
society. On this plain, the da'wah movement is required to be able to provide
new paradigms that can transfer the messages of Islamic teachings to the
community. The significance of Islamic da'wah in the development of community
values is how the changing society's perspective is directed
towards positive values that come from the perspective and teachings
of Islam. Thus, these changes remain in the corridor of Islamic teachings.
Therefore, Islamic da'wah must remain in the development and change of values
in society.
Likewise,
the da'wah activities developed by Almaghfirlah KH Zezen Zaenal Abidin Bazul Asyhab are more focused on
the field of da'wah movement with a movement of the IQOMAH (Qoryah
Mubarokah) Nusantara Motivating Organization in Sukabumi Regency. This is because the reality of da'wah at
the religious level of the surrounding community is still relatively low and
minimal. Even customs and traditions that develop tend to lead to polytheism
and are far from Islamic values which are full of teachings and
noble values and noble character. Almaghfirlah
KH Zezen Zaenal Abidin Bazul Asyhab is a charismatic and
unique Kiai, Almaghfirlah
KH Zezen Zaenal Abidin Bazul Asyhab has a very
extraordinary appeal because he can provide what the people of Sukabumi district need in the field of science or
knowledge, especially in the field of Religion. Almaghfirlah
KH Zezen Zaenal Abidin Bazul Asyhab also has a
uniqueness that sometimes makes the people of Sukabumi
district feel surprised at him, where Almaghfirlah KH
Zezen Zaenal Abidin Bazul Asyhab when preaching uses
cultural arts and prioritizes community unity (prioritizing religious
substance). Almaghfirlah KH Zezen
Zaenal Abidin Bazul Asyhab also never used violence in preaching (interview
with K.H Muhammad Syahrum).
Departing
from the thoughts, conditions, facts, phenomena, problems, root causes above,
the researcher wants to examine a da'wah institution, namely the NUSANTARA Qoryah Mubarokah (Qoryah Mubarokah) propaganda
institution in Sukabumi Regency which was initiated
by Almaghfirlah KH Zezen Zaenal Abidin Bazul Asyhab. Where researchers want to focus on research on
strategic management of da'wah education in the era of the industrial
revolution 4.0
Method
This
research on the management of da'wah education strategies in the era of the
industrial revolution 4.0 uses a qualitative approach. This is in line with the
opinion of (Supriadi, 2018),
that qualitative research is research aimed at describing and analyzing
phenomena, events, social activities, attitudes, beliefs, perceptions, thoughts
of people individually and in groups. This qualitative research is aimed at
understanding social phenomena from the participant's perspective. Participants
are people who are invited to be interviewed, observed, asked to provide data,
opinions, thoughts, and perceptions. Through this qualitative approach, the
researcher observes people in the da'wah institution environment, interacts
with research subjects, such as the head of the da'wah institution, the da'i, administrators, and muhibin
or sympathizers. The research seeks to understand the language and
interpretation of da'wah institutions, see real phenomena in the research
environment by understanding and giving meaning to a series of events that are seen
in real terms.
Results And Discussion
The findings in the research conducted at the
IQOMAH Da'wah Institute (Ikatan Penggerak
Qoryah Mubarokah) NUSANTARA
include environmental analysis activities, strategy formulation activities,
strategy implementation activities, strategy evaluation activities, and
supporting factors and obstacles to the management of da'wah education
strategies in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 to improve and renewal
of da'wah strategy.
From the results of interviews, observations,
and documentation, it can be explained that the general guidelines used by the
IQOMAH Da'wah Institute (Ikatan Penggerak
Qoryah Mubarokah) NUSANTARA
to conduct environmental analysis because they do not have specific guidelines
used to determine the steps in analyzing the external and internal environment
related to the environment. the strategy of the institution or organization,
the current situation of the institution or organization, as well as the
situation of the institution or organization that is expected in the future.
Environmental analysis activities to determine SWOT which include strengths,
weaknesses, opportunities, and threats/challenges (treats) are carried out
during the preparation of the Medium Term Work Plan (RKJM) and Long Term Work
Plan (RKJP) documents. ) in the working meeting of the
central, regional, branch, branch representatives, and qoryah
management.
In addition to the absence of these specific
guidelines, the IQOMAH Da'wah Institute (Ikatan Penggerak Qoryah Mubarokah) NUSANTARA does not have a special procedure used
to conduct a SWOT analysis. Guidelines for preparing SWOT analysis in related
books, which are general guidelines used by the author in preparing SWOT.
Based on the results of observations,
interviews, and document review of the internal environmental analysis process
carried out by taking into account the strengths and weaknesses of the
institution. Efforts that have been made by the IQOMAH Da'wah Institute (Ikatan Motivator Qoryah Mubarokah) NUSANTARA about this are inputs and outputs as
well as institutional resources. The input of the institution or organization
intended by the IQOMAH Da'wah Institute (Association for the Movement of Qoryah Mubarokah) NUSANTARA is
the preachers who are included in the management at various predetermined
levels. Meanwhile, the institution's output is the result of the da'wah efforts
that have been carried out. Institutional resources include the qualifications
and competencies of administrators and dai, the
management system of the institution or organization.
Meanwhile, the process of analyzing the external
environment related to the opportunities and challenges faced by the
institution or organization through a SWOT approach by taking into account
various things, it's just that there is no actual data that strengthens the
statement from the analysis of these conditions to provide further
strengthening of information, namely social conditions in the area. in the form
of changes in social values and norms, community, and national
economic conditions.
strategies related to the actualization of the
results of external environmental scanning (external environmental scanning)
and internal (internal environmental scanning) in the form of SWOT, EFIS, and
EFAS analyzes that are useful for preparing the vision, mission, and goals of
the institution or organization. Therefore, the formulation of strategies in
the form of the vision, mission, and goals of the institution or organization
should be based on certain guidelines and procedures to suit the current
educational conditions, the current condition of the institution or
organization, and the condition of the institution or organization within a
certain period. Based on the findings on the strategy formulation activities of
institutions or organizations related to the implementation of da'wah education
strategy management in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 carried out by
the IQOMAH Da'wah Institute (Qoryah Mubarokah Movement Association) NUSANTARA, it can be
explained as follows.
General guidelines used by the IQOMAH Da'wah
Institute (Ikatan Penggerak
Qoryah Mubarokah) NUSANTARA
to formulate the vision, mission, and goals of the institution or organization
as referred to by AD/ART.
However, the institution or organization does
not have specific guidelines that are used to determine the steps in strategy
formulation in the form of the vision, mission, and goals of the institution or
organization. In addition to the absence of these specific guidelines, the
IQOMAH Da'wah Institute (Ikatan Penggerak
Qoryah Mubarokah) NUSANTARA
does not have a special procedure used to formulate strategies. The AD/ART that
is set is general guidelines used in formulating strategies at the annual work
meeting forum of an institution or organization.
One of the processes in strategic management
is strategic formulation. Strategy formulation is the development of long-term
plans (long-term planning) to manage environmental opportunities and threats,
viewed from the strengths and weaknesses of the organization. (Hunger, 2020) stated:
�Strategy formulation is the development of
long-range plans for the effective management of environmental opportunities
and threats, in light of corporate strengths and weaknesses (SWOT).�
Furthermore, it was said that the strategy
formulation includes �the corporate mission, specifying achievable objectives,
developing the es strategy, and setting policy guidelines�. On another occasion,
they also stated that:
�Strategy formulation, often referred to as
strategic planning or long-range planning, is concerned with developing a
corporation's mission, objectives, strategies, and policies.� (Tardian, 2019).
(Tardian, 2019) assert that the action begins with the
process of analyzing the situation by aligning the opportunity (external) and
strength (internal) factors as well as threats (external) and weakness
(internal).
The purpose of strategy formulation according
to (Muldrianto, Mulyasa, & Yusuf, 2019) is making rational goals. Organizations are
required to always make changes in the direction of improvement to maintain their
existence. (Hill Charles & Jones Gareth, 2008)state that the purpose of the SWOT analysis is
to create a strategy that allows the creation of "a company-specific
business" that is in line with the state of the company's resources and
organizational capabilities to deal with environmental demands.
Planning is making a target to be achieved or
achieved in the future. In an organization planning is a process of carefully
thinking and determining the direction, goals, and actions as well as reviewing
various resources and appropriate methods/techniques.
Planning is making/determining decisions
regarding the direction to be taken, the actions to be taken, the resources to
be processed, and the techniques/methods chosen to be used. The plan directs
the organization's goals/goals and establishes the best procedures for
achieving them. The procedure can be in the form of setting resources and
determining techniques/methods. (Hafiz, 2017):
Planning includes the act of selecting and relating
facts and making and using qualities regarding the future in terms of
describing/visualizing and formulating proposed and necessary activities to
achieve the desired results.
The purpose of strategy formulation according
to (Tardian, 2019) is making rational goals. Organizations are
required to always make changes in the direction of improvement to maintain
their existence. (Hill Charles & Jones Gareth, 2008) state that the purpose of the SWOT analysis
is to create a strategy that allows the creation of "a company-specific
business" that is in line with the state of the company's resources and
organizational capabilities to deal with environmental demands.
Based on this statement, SWOT analysis is used
to measure the internal and external variables of the organization and is
useful for identifying the state of the organization's resources. According to
Wheelan and Hunger, several steps must be taken at the strategy formulation
stage after developing the SWOT, namely determining the mission, objectives, developing
strategies, and formulating policies. The following is a discussion of these
stages.
a.
Establish a vision. �Vision describes what the
organization would like to become� (Tardian, 2019). (David & Sutton, 2011) adds that the vision is an ideal situation in
the future that is expected to be realized which is stated today by all
components of the organization.
b.
Define the mission. The mission of the
organization is the purpose or reason why the organization exists (why do we
exist). The mission statement translates the existing, unique vision and sets it
apart from other organizations. According to Wheelen
& Hunger, the mission of an organization is "... the purpose or reason
for the organization's existence".
c.
Setting goals. Goals are specific results to
be achieved from the mission set by the organization. Goals are also the result
of planning activities. Objectives define what will be done and when it will be
completed measurably. Achieving goals is the result of completing an organization's
mission.
Goals are defined by Wheelan and Hunger with
goals or objectives being: �... are the results of planned activity.�
Furthermore, they stated that goals are stated in action verbs that describe
what will be achieved and when (what is to be accomplished by when) and should
be quantified if possible. In short, they stated "The achievement of
corporate objectives should result in the fulfillment of a corporation's
mission. (2012:18).
d.
Develop strategy.
Wheelan and Hunger stated �A strategy of a
corporation forms a comprehensive master plan that states how the corporation
will achieve its mission and objectives. Furthermore, it is stated: �It
maximizes competitive advantage and minimizes competitive disadvantage�
(2012:19).
Strategy is a comprehensive planning
formulation of how an organization achieves the mission and goals that have
been set. The strategy will maximize competitive advantage and minimize
competitive limitations. (Hunger, 2020) call it �.... plan to achieve the mission and
objectives�. Furthermore, they discussed various strategies in all aspects,
starting from marketing strategies, HRM (Human Resources Management),
purchasing, operations, R&D, etc. However, the strategy in the context of
educational institutions refers to the fulfillment of eight national education
standards which include content standards, process standards, assessment
standards, management standards, financing standards, infrastructure standards,
standards for educators/educational staff, and graduation standards. The focus
of this research is only on management standards.
e.
Establish policies.
The policies according to Wheelan and Hunger
are: �... a broad guideline for decision making that links the formulation of a
strategy with its implementation. It is also stated that companies (in this
context educational institutions) use policies to ensure that every action taken
by organizational components is supported by the vision, mission, goals, and
strategies (support the corporation's mission, objectives, and strategies)
(2012:21).
On another occasion, they stated that policy
is defined as �...the broad guidelines for implementation� (2012:258). Policies
provide various demands and guidelines for the decision-making process.
Policies link the process of strategy formulation and implementation. The term (Hunger, 2020) is �broad guidelines for decision making�.
Policies in the context of educational institutions or schools are important
decisions made by school leaders to support the implementation of the vision,
mission, and goals of education.
Strategy implementation is a process carried
out by management to realize strategies and policies with various actions
through program design, budgets, and work procedures. (Hunger, 2020) Strategy implementation is a process where
management puts its strategies and policies into action through program
development. , budgets, and procedures.
In another book, (Hunger, 2020) states: "Strategy implementation is a
process by which strategies and policies are put into action through the
development of programs, budgets, and procedures."
This process requires the readiness of culture
(culture), organizational structure (structure), and management system
(management system). Strategy implementation is carried out at all managerial
levels, both top, middle, and lower. They added, �...sometimes referred to as
operational planning, strategy implementation often involves day-to-day decisions
in resource allocation�.
Strategy implementation consists of the
preparation of programs (programs), budgets (budgets), and work procedures
(procedures). Wheelen and Hunger added,
�Strategy implementation is the total of the
activities and choices required for the execution of a strategic plan. It is
the process by which objectives, strategies, and policies are put into action
through the development of programs, budgets, and procedures.�
They add that implementation is one of the key
factors of management strategy:
�...implementation is a key part of strategic
management. Strategy formulation and strategy implementation should thus be
considered as two sides of the same coin� (2012:272).
(Rihsanza, 2018) suggests that a strategy implementation is an
act of implementing a strategy that has been compiled into various optimal
resource allocations. The main goal is the rationality of goals and resources.
From the explanation, it can be said that
strategy formulation and strategy implementation are inseparable, meaning that
the vision, mission, goals, strategies, policies, programs, budgets, and work
procedures are a unified strategy.
The implementation stages are as follows.
a)
Develop programs.
(Ahmad, 2012) state that: �A program is a statement of the
activities or steps needed to accomplish a single-use plan. It makes a strategy
action-oriented�.
A program is a
statement of activities or steps needed to complete a plan. The program
involves components of an organizational structure that are tailored to the
vision, midi, and goals as well as the company's internal culture.
b)
Budget.
Wheelen and Hunger state the notion of the budget
which is closely related to the program:
�A budget is a
statement of a corporation's programs in terms of dollars. Used in planning and
control, a budget lists the detailed cost of each program.�
Wheelen and Hunger add that:
�The budget thus not
only serves as a detailed plan of the new strategy in action, but it also
specifies through pro forma financial statements the expected impact on the
firm's financial future� (2012:22).
A budget is a program
that is expressed in units of money, each program will be stated in detail in
costs, which can be used by management to plan and control.
c)
Procedure.
Wheelen and Hunger stated that:
�Procedures, sometimes
termed Standard Operating Procedures (SOP), are a system of sequential steps or
techniques that describe in detail how a particular task or job is to be done.
They typically detail the various activities that must be carried out to
complete the corporation's program�(2012: 22)
The
procedure which is often known as POS (Standard Operating Procedure) is a
sequence of steps that guide in detail how each program activity must be
carried out and completed.
Evaluation,
which is also related to control, is a process that must be passed after the various
program and budget activities are carried out according to established
procedures. Performance results (programs, budgets, and procedures) are
monitored and comparisons are made with the desired performance or performance
standards. Leaders at all levels use the information on performance results to
take corrective action and solve problems. At this stage, the weaknesses in
strategy implementation will be carefully and precisely identified to encourage
future improvements to plans and processes.
Whellen and Hunger stated that �Evaluation and
control is a process in which corporate activities and performance results are
monitored so that actual performance can be compared with desired performance�.
What is meant by performance according to him is "..
the result of activities. It includes the actual outcomes of the strategy
management process� (2012: 22).
Furthermore,
it is stated that the leadership function at each level must be able to take
advantage of the results "Managers at all levels use the resulting
information to take corrective action and resolve problems". Although
evaluation and control are the final elements of the strategic management
process, these elements determine the conditions for weaknesses in the
implementation of the plan and therefore should encourage better changes in the
future �... it can also pinpoint weaknesses in previously implemented strategic
plans and thus stimulate the entire process to begin again� (2012:22).
For
evaluation and control to be effective, managers must obtain clear, precise,
and unbiased feedback from their subordinates in the corporate hierarchy. The
strategic management model in Figure 1:
Figure 1 above shows how feedback in the form
of performance data and activity reports is run through the entire management
process. Managers can use this feedback to compare what happened with what was planned
at the formulation level.
The strategy taken to improve the quality of
service through standardization of management is to standardize management.
Management standardization is the first focus in improving the service quality.
The great hope in the development of services by the IQOMAH Da'wah Institute (Ikatan Penggerak Qoryah Mubarokah) NUSANTARA is to
be able to have a positive impact in introducing and introducing it to the
community.
At its core, strategic management is about
gaining and maintaining a competitive advantage. This term can be interpreted as
anything that other companies can do much better. Gaining and maintaining a
competitive advantage is critical to the long-term success of an organization. (Jennings & Beaver, 1997).
The current standard of management is very
influential on the purpose of the institution, to prepare the institution to be
even better. In the development of management standardization, many things must
be considered and considered before making a decision. Decision-making related
to the development of management standardization is a policy process in which
there are responsibilities of various parties with an interest in institutional
issues. Sometimes it is found that there are pro and contra attitudes, namely
the attitude of accepting and rejecting the results of the decision. This may
be due to different perspectives on the results of management and the function
of the institution.
Meanwhile, the second strategy is to improve
the quality of service by increasing its human resources and natural resources.
Human resource improvement in this context is an increase in the performance of
human resources to become professional human resources. Meanwhile, the increase
in natural resources in this context is an increase in all non-human resources,
both infrastructure and the environment.
Talking about improving human resources in
this institution will intersect with human resource management. Management
activities in this context are viewed from two sides. The administrator side
and the preacher side. If human resource management is seen from the management
side, it consists of management analysis and evaluation. Meanwhile, from the
side of the preacher, it includes the activities of the preacher, the
assessment of the preacher, training and development, promotion, compensation,
and organization.
About human resource empowerment, it can be
concluded that the essence of empowerment itself includes three things, namely
development, strengthening potential/power, and creating independence. The
right strategy to empower human resources is among others:
1.
Empowering human resources through cooperation
or cooperation means that in increasing the professionalism of human resources
in da'wah institutions, managers must prioritize cooperation with human
resources and other parties involved in the implementation of each activity.
2.
Provide opportunities for HR to improve their
profession. In this case, managers must be democratic and provide opportunities
for all human resources to develop their potential optimally. For example,
giving opportunities to subordinates to improve their profession according to
their field.
3.
Encouraging the involvement of all HR, it is
intended that managers must try to encourage the involvement of all HR in every
activity in the institution.
Meanwhile, improving service quality through
increasing natural resources will focus on improving facilities and
infrastructure. It must be realized that services cannot be separated from
office facilities, because office facilities or facilities are very supportive
in improving services to members. Management of institutional facilities and
infrastructure is very important for the achievement of an institution's goals.
(Husnan, 2020)hu explained that the planning stage for
facilities and infrastructure is very important and decisive. Of course, the
procurement of physical facilities such as offices, warehouses, tables and
chairs, and other supporting equipment is the main thing to improve services.
Therefore, how important human resources and natural resources are in an
institution, a manager should be serious in managing and utilizing all the
potential of existing human resources and natural resources as well as possible
to be able to have a positive impact on the progress of the institution.
After the increase in human resources is
carried out, the next step taken by the IQOMAH Da'wah Institute (Association
for the Qoryah Mubarokah
Movement) NUSANTARA so that the quality of service can be improved is to build
the image of the institution. In principle, the better the image of the
institution in the community, the more people want to become members of the
institution. Vice versa, the worse the image of the institution in the eyes of
the public, the fewer people who want to become members of the institution.
This confirms that the image of the institution is very influential in the
improvement and renewal of the da'wah strategy that will be carried out.
One way to build the image of the institution
that is taken by the IQOMAH Da'wah Institute (Ikatan Penggerak Qoryah Mubarokah) NUSANTARA is to establish social relations both
with fellow institutions and with the community. The relationship between the
institution and the community is essentially a tool that plays a very important
role in fostering and developing the institution. Therefore, the IQOMAH Da'wah
Institute (Ikatan Motivating Qoryah
Mubarokah) NUSANTARA is obliged to provide
understanding about the goals, programs, needs, and conditions of the
community, on the other hand, the IQOMAH Da'wah Institute (Ikatan
Motivating Qoryah Mubarokah)
NUSANTARA must also know clearly what the needs are. ,
expectations, and demands of society, especially against institutions. In other
words, institutions and the community must be fostered and develop a harmonious
relationship.
From the explanation above, if it is related
to the formulation theory, it can be concluded that the formulation process
carried out by the IQOMAH Da'wah Institute (Ikatan
Motivator Qoryah Mubarokah)
NUSANTARA supports the existing theory. (Jennings & Beaver, 1997) explains that the formulation (formulation)
of the strategy includes developing a vision and mission, identifying
opportunities and threats of an organization, setting long-term goals,
searching for alternative strategies, and selecting certain strategies to
achieve goals.
From the opinion above, it can be seen that
the strategy formulation process of the IQOMAH Da'wah Institute (Ikatan Motivator Qoryah Mubarokah) NUSANTARA was carried out in several steps.
These steps begin with formulating a vision, mission, then observing the
internal and external environment, as well as making conclusions on the
analysis of internal and external factors. Therefore, in this process, a
manager should take advantage of all existing human resources to jointly
formulate an effective and efficient formulation to develop the managed
institution. This is intended to create a sense of responsibility so that it is
easy to carry out all the formulations that have been determined.
Strategy implementation is a process carried
out by management to realize strategies and policies with various actions
through program designs, budgets, and work procedures. (Hertati, 2015) Strategy implementation is the process by
which management puts its strategies and policies into action through the
development of programs, budgets, and procedures.
At the strategy implementation stage, steps
are determined which include the preparation of programs, budgets, and
operational work procedures. A program is a statement of the activities or
steps required to complete a single-use plan. The program involves all the
resources of the institution or organization, is based on the values
and work culture of the institution or organization, or the
results of the study of the institution or organization on factors that are new
research. Institutional or organizational programs include:
a.
Long-term institutional or organizational
program or Long-Term Work Plan (RKJP). RKJP has a duration of 8-10 years. The
RKSJP translates the long-term vision, mission, and goals of the institution or
organization that must be identified as real challenges and broken down into
annual stages for 8-10 years.
b.
Medium-term institutional or organizational
program or Medium-Term Work Plan (RKJM). The RKJM has a duration of between 4-5
years. RKSJM translates the vision, mission, and long-term goals of the
institution or organization that have been adjusted according to the results of
the analysis of conditions that must be identified as real challenges and
broken down into annual stages for 4-5 years.
c.
Short-term institutional or organizational
program or Annual Work Plan (RKT). The RKT has a duration of 1 year. The RKT
translates the vision, mission, and goals of the institution or organization
for the current school year which real challenges must be identified.
The program of the institution or organization
that is prepared must pay attention to several things, namely environmental analysis,
SWOT, vision, mission, goals, strategies, objectives, and policies of the
institution or organization. RKJP, RKJM, RKT are a series of work plans that
are mutually sustainable and their achievements are always analyzed.
In the strategic implementation process, a
manager must utilize all available resources, both human and non-human
resources to realize the strategy. Placing human resources according to their
abilities and using non-human resources to the maximum will be able to realize
this strategy. On the other hand, if it is not managed properly, the strategy
will not be realized.
(Komarudin & Hidayat, 2020)ko explains that the importance of strategy
formulation and implementation is that the first step, namely strategy
formulation, becomes a very decisive step because at that stage the strategy
must come from careful consideration, the strategy must also be the fruit of
thought carried out carefully. taking into account all aspects of the
organization, so that the strategy formulation has been prepared with careful
consideration.
The implementation stage is also very decisive,
because at this stage if the implementation is not in line with expectations or
in other words the implementation is not effective, it is certain that the strategy
that has been prepared will not be achieved according to the plan. In
implementing the strategy that has been formulated by the IQOMAH Da'wah
Institute (Ikatan Penggerak
Qoryah Mubarokah) NUSANTARA
the strategy that has been formulated is then described in small activities
that are directly handled by the management. The technical activities were left
entirely to the management but still coordinated with the general chairman. The
general chairman or high priest as the top leader only carries out the control
function to find out the progress of these activities. The control system used
by the high priest of the IQOMAH (Qoryah Mubarokah Movement) NUSANTARA Da'wah Institute is very
varied. Sometimes by going directly to the field, sometimes using briefings,
and sometimes just meeting the administrators.
There is nothing wrong with handing over the
technical implementation to the management. However, as a leader, it would be
better to know the technical implementation of these activities. This is
intended to facilitate the system of control, supervision, and monitoring.
Monitoring requires the leadership to directly see the process that is
happening, also with the support of documents and opinions from those being
monitored, this is done as validation and the validity of the monitoring
process. These data and facts are then used as a reference for the leadership
to evaluate the projects being carried out, the programs prepared, or even to
the point where the plans have been made.
Therefore, the IQOMAH Da'wah Institute (Ikatan Motivator Qoryah Mubarokah) NUSANTARA in addition to placing human resources
according to their abilities and utilizing non-human resources to the maximum
extent possible, the manager of the IQOMAH Da'wah Institute (Ikatan Motivating Qoryah Mubarokah) NUSANTARA also conducts the best possible
supervision so that implementation strategy goes according to plan.
At the strategy implementation stage which
includes the preparation of programs, budgets, and operational work procedures
in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0, at least there is a technology
that is the main pillar in developing a digital-ready industry where all these
documents do not have to be printed, duplicated, and distributed to every
administrator. and members directly, one of which can use cloud computing,
which is a technology that makes the internet a center for data and application
management, where computer users are given access rights (login) using the
cloud to be able to configure servers (servers) via the internet.
Evaluation and control of strategy in the
organization is expected to be able to provide an overview to improve for the
better in the future. By starting from the evaluation, obstacles, and obstacles
faced, the leadership of the institution or organization can formulate new
strategies for future improvements to improve service quality. The final step
in strategic management is this evaluation which becomes a reference for the
next formulation. So that strategy evaluation in strategic management is an
effort to monitor the results of the formulation (formulation) and
implementation (implementation) of the strategy including measuring
organizational performance, and taking corrective steps if necessary.
(Bauer, 2013) says that organizational control consists of
three types, namely strategic control, management control, and operational
control. Strategic control is a process of strategy evaluation, which is
carried out both when the strategy is formulated and after it is implemented. (Arumsari, Misdar, & Samiha, 2020) explains that Control can be defined as the
process of determining what must be achieved, namely standards, what is being
done, namely implementation, assessing implementation and if necessary
making improvements so that implementation is by the plan that is in line with
standards.
Meanwhile, effective supervision must involve
all levels of leadership from top to bottom, and groups within the
organization. This concept of effective supervision refers to good supervision.
In the world of banking, it will be effective if every level of service has integrated,
good cooperation between the working group and the leadership in conducting
supervision. Full participation in every level or group in conducting
supervision. The principle used in this supervision is that the contribution of
each member and ideas are accepted which are considered relevant to the program
and the values that must be considered. , namely relevance,
effectiveness, efficiency, and productivity, supervision must be adjusted to
the standards that have been found, supervision should be adapted to the nature
and needs of the organization, supervision must be limited not too often
because this will have an impact on employees in a state of restraint,
supervision also refers to procedures for solving problems and finding
solutions.
Evaluation and control of strategies carried
out by the IQOMAH Da'wah Institute (Ikatan Penggerak Qoryah Mubarokah) NUSANTARA, regular meetings with employees are
used as a momentum to evaluate all strategies that have been implemented. In
the meeting, the IQOMAH Da'wah Institute (Ikatan
Motivator Qoryah Mubarokah)
NUSANTARA took steps to improve in the future so that the strategy that was
formulated would run smoothly.
Management control focuses on achieving the
objectives of various substrates by the main strategy and achieving the
objectives of the medium-term plan. While operational control is centered on
the performance of individuals and groups compared to the roles of individuals
and groups that have been determined by the organizational plan. Each type of
control is not separate and does not differ significantly and in fact, may not
differ from one another.
This evaluation is used for accountability,
selection, or continuation information, and is carried out at the end of the
program to provide information to potential consumers about the benefits or
uses of the program. Evaluation leads to decisions about whether to continue
the program, stop, or continue the program.
According to the researcher's analysis, the
evaluation of the strategy described above has been applied by the IQOMAH
Da'wah Institute (Ikatan Penggerak
Qoryah Mubarokah)
NUSANTARA. Therefore, the results of the strategy evaluation are a reference in
efforts to improve service quality and institutional development plans, and at
the same time become input for efforts to foster and develop institutional
performance to implement the vision, mission, and goals of the institution,
including being used as a benchmark for quality competition. IQOMAH (Qoryah Mubarokah Movement) NUSANTARA
Da'wah with other institutions.
The final stage of the strategic management
approach in this discussion is evaluation. This is as stated by (Hunger, 2020) states that evaluation and control is a
process through which company activities and performance results are monitored
and actual performance is compared with the desired performance. Managers at
all levels use the information on performance results to take corrective action
and solve problems. Although evaluation and control are the main final elements
of strategic management, they can also pinpoint weaknesses in the
implementation of previous strategies and encourage the whole process to be
restarted.
The data obtained from the measurement results
will be used as a situation analysis for the next program. The IQOMAH Da'wah
Institute (Qoryah Mubarokah
Movement Association) NUSANTARA evaluates the form of an internal audit which
is conducted once a year. Meanwhile, external audit activities are carried out
to determine whether the strategic management system meets the planned
arrangements to meet the requirements of the strategic management system.
Measurement and evaluation are carried out
continuously and directly during da'wah education activities. Effectiveness is
not always known after the enhanced skills and knowledge are applied. The
results of data analysis are intended to determine the direction of
improvement, therefore, the use of statistical methods for data analysis is
considered, which can assist in accessing, controlling, and improving process
performance.
The improvements made are continuous,
therefore the IQOMAH Da'wah Institute (Ikatan Penggerak Qoryah Mubarokah) NUSANTARA seeks to improve the effectiveness of
the strategic management system and the educational process by facilitating all
personnel to identify and define improvement projects in their scope. A
suitable method used to identify potential improvements is based on a qualitative
analysis method based on information collected from the following sources: a)
internal evaluation of the policy understanding of the IQOMAH Da'wah Institute
(Ikatan Penggerak Qoryah Mubarokah) NUSANTARA, b)
target achievement, c ) performance impact, d)
customer input and other identified stakeholders such as congregations,
government, and communities. The improvement process carried out takes into
account input from complaints and comments from customers and other identified
interested parties, internal audit outputs, the level of success of the
evaluation results.
Corrective actions were taken by the IQOMAH
Da'wah Institute (Ikatan Penggerak
Qoryah Mubarokah) NUSANTARA
apply corrective actions identified from analysis of causes of non-conformances
and opportunities for improvement. Corrective actions are taken to eliminate
discrepancies that occur in the performance of the da'wah process, such as
inappropriate da'wah products, not achieving da'wah targets, deviations from
the da'wah education program and plans for personnel training, review output
data, verification, design validation, and modification of product design and
development. da'wah education, high rate of drop-outs, identified customer and
other interested party complaints, audit outputs; and non-conformities
identified in the monitoring and measurement of da'wah education processes and
products.
The preventive action taken by the IQOMAH
Da'wah Institute (Ikatan Penggerak
Qoryah Mubarokah) NUSANTARA
establishes preventive actions resulting from an analysis of the causes of
potential non-conformances and opportunities for improvement of the strategic
management system and the da'wah education process.
The data used include information on trends,
personnel performance indicators, target achievement, cost analysis related to target
achievement, customer satisfaction surveys and other identified stakeholders,
audit outputs, and management reviews.
Preventive actions are recorded to ensure
their implementation. Activities resulting from preventive actions are
documented and communicated to stakeholders. The learning outcomes of the
preventive action process are reviewed and communicated to all members of the
institution or organization. In this case, the researcher tries to describe how
the evaluation and control of the management of da'wah education strategies in
the era of industrial revolution 4.0 can be done.
Implementation of the management of da'wah
education strategies in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 for improving
and updating good da'wah strategies, of course, cannot be separated from the existence
of several supporting factors as described in the research findings above,
making it easier for the IQOMAH Da'wah Institute (Ikatan
Penggerak Qoryah Mubarokah) NUSANTARA to implement the programs that have
been made, in addition, to support from the government and the
community/congregation so that the IQOMAH Da'wah Institute (Ikatan
Penggerak Qoryah Mubarokah) NUSANTARA can carry out developing programs,
then the management's awareness of the importance of developing a da'wah
strategy program in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 for improvement
and renewal of da'wah strategy. In addition, of course, support from some
forward-thinking administrators in developing institutional programs, awareness
of some dai personnel in the importance of developing
da'wah agency programs so that these da'wah institutions do not stagnate in the
process of preaching in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 for
improvement and renewal of da'wah strategies.
In implementing the management of da'wah
education strategies in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 for the
improvement and renewal of da'wah strategies, there are times when da'wah
institutions experience several obstacles, but these obstacles are not in a big
sense and hurt the progress of the institution. The leader, in this case, the
high priest of the IQOMAH Da'wah Institute (Ikatan Penggerak Qoryah Mubarokah) NUSANTARA stated that there were several
inhibiting factors in implementing the management of da'wah education strategies
in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 for the improvement and renewal of
da'wah strategies, namely internal and external.
The obstacles that come from internal itself
are first thoughts or mindsets, the loyalty of administrators and preachers who
are not fully committed to da'wah institutions, understanding of administrators
and dai's towards the implementation of da'wah education
strategy management in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0. While those
from external sources, namely, not all of them agree with the program of the
NUSANTARA IQOMAH (Qoryah Mubarokah
Movement) Da'wah Institute, the thoughts between the community/congregants are
not yet synergized. One internal obstacle, starting from the administrators to
the administrators, not all of them have the same head, the same hair but
different thoughts, not everyone wants to move forward, well, it's sunnah tullah, there must be one who is gloomy, there are some
administrators who don't have the desire to move forward, usually, people People like this are also due to the age factor, secondly,
the loyalty of the administrators is still not fully committed to the institution
or organization, the third is that the management's understanding of the
management of da'wah education strategies in the era of the industrial
revolution 4.0 for the improvement and renewal of da'wah strategies is not all
the same. If external muhibin, congregation, and
community usually do not all agree with the program of the institution or
organization due to lack of understanding, and concerns that the IQOMAH Da'wah
Institute (Qoryah Mubarokah
Movement Association) NUSANTARA will not be able to run the program smoothly.
The challenge faced about da'wah education in
the current era of the industrial revolution 4.0 related to the existence of
institutions or organizations is the very rapid development of information and
communication technology (ICT), resulting in more and more da'wah educational
institutions implementing computerized systems. Competition for human resources
is getting tougher in the era of globalization. The dynamics of change and the
extent of changes in information technology cause a dilemma in allocating
limited funds for human resource development and equipment development
according to advances in science and technology. With the increasing number of
existing da'wah institutions or organizations, it is necessary to develop
careful planning to produce da'wah that is by the conditions. Globalization
demands the ability of da'wah institutions or organizations to produce
preachers who can deliver da'wah.
Based on the findings and interpretation of
the research results, it can be seen that there are structured and systematic
steps carried out in the context of implementing the management of da'wah education
strategies in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 in da'wah institutions
both in environmental analysis, strategy formulation, strategy implementation
and evaluation of da'wah education strategy management in Indonesia. industrial
revolution 4.0 era. At the stage of environmental analysis, the IQOMAH Da'wah
Institute (Ikatan Penggerak
Qoryah Mubarokah) NUSANTARA
analyzes the external conditions and internal conditions of the da'wah
institution or organization, identifies the most important weaknesses and
threats to be overcome, and then identifies strengths and opportunities that
are likely to be appropriate to overcome the weaknesses and the threat. then
carry out a SWOT analysis so that it can be formulated how the strategies that
must be carried out in implementing the da'wah education strategy management
system in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0, especially in dealing with
weaknesses and threats as well as strategies in solving problems and improvements
and development and then determining priorities for an action plan for handling.
Based on the results of the research above, it can be seen that the IQOMAH
Da'wah Institute (Ikatan Penggerak
Qoryah Mubarokah) NUSANTARA
in the SWOT diagram is in quadrant 1 position, which is a situation where the
institution has internal strength and also has many opportunities that can be
exploited to expand the market. Therefore, they must use and utilize their
internal strengths to the fullest and take advantage of existing opportunities
to develop their institutions. The right strategy or step for this condition is
to support an aggressive growth policy (growth-oriented strategy). Meanwhile,
in the IE matrix, it is found that both the IQOMAH Da'wah Institute (Ikatan Penggerak Qoryah Mubarokah) NUSANTARA are
in position V which indicates that the institution can be controlled with a
strategy of guarding and defending, market penetration and market development
are strategies that are commonly used. Based on the alternative strategies
developed through the SWOT matrix, which supports the strategy of market
penetration and market development about da'wah institutions are the
implementation of da'wah using online and the design of da'wah materials using
multimedia.
About the formulation of the strategic management
strategy of da'wah education in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 to
improve the results of da'wah, it is described through how the vision, mission,
goals, strategies, and policies of the institution are elements in planning the
strategic management of da'wah education in the era of the industrial
revolution 4.0. The IQOMAH Da'wah Institute (Ikatan Bergerak Qoryah Mubarokah) NUSANTARA has a way of equipping administrators
and preachers with knowledge about the implementation of da'wah education
strategy management in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 to improve and
renew da'wah strategies with the application of information and communication
technology in achieving the vision, the strategy adopted is to determine the
purpose of da'wah education in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 in
da'wah activities, choosing the type of ICT according to the needs and
continued with development, and developing the professional abilities of the
administrators and dai by the development of
demands/needs is important to be carried out on an ongoing basis. So that the
policy carried out by the institution in implementing the management of da'wah
education strategies in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 is the
development of EMIS (Education Management Information Systems) as a management
support system that will be applied in an integrated and online system,
information management and development of facilities and utilization of ICT
facilities.
The tendency of the administrators and the da'i is the shift from traditional da'wah methods and tools
to a digital approach to better meet the needs of the congregation and the
community where the transition varies in adaptation and adoption of technology,
which people often call digital da'wah. Digital da'wah is da'wah using digital
tools to expand and improve da'wah. The following are the components for
digital da'wah, namely: (a) Interactive Da'wah, digital da'wah involves
media-rich and interactive presentations. For example: Live digital video
conferencing (live); Concept maps of brainstorming sessions on electronic
boards sent directly via technology media; Da'wah through internet-based streaming
audio-videos from short clips to show specific things or long durations; Powerpoint Da'wah combines animation, sound, and hyperlinks
to digital information. (b) Personal Response System (PRS), This tool is used
as a digital tool to collect and graphically display the answers and questions
of the congregation or the community and allow immediate feedback between the
preacher and the congregation. This device is often called a
"clicker" which is similar to a TV remote control. The use of this
tool in the field of da'wah. (c) Community of Practice (CoP), Is a group of
preachers from all over the country and around the world who share the same
goals and share ideas and resources with internet-based interactions.
Conclusion
The da'wah
education strategy in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 is strategic
management developed for the improvement and renewal of da'wah strategies in
the development of the industrial revolution. However, the existence of this
concept does not necessarily run well if it is not accompanied by the right
strategic management, namely starting from an environmental analysis which
includes: internal analysis and external analysis, and SWOT (Strength,
Weakness, Opportunity, and Threat) analysis. Furthermore, strategy formulation includes
the preparation of vision and mission, objectives, strategies, policies, and
targets. Implementation of strategies that include; program design, budget, and
work procedures. Lastly, evaluation and control strategy includes
two internal and external approaches with corrective and preventive actions. Based
on that framework, the implications of the strategic management of da'wah
education in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 at the IQOMAH Da'wah
Institute (Ikatan Penggerak
Qoryah Mubarokah) NUSANTARA
have had an impact on the system of da'wah strategy and da'wah education which
is integrative, effective, and efficient in the era of the industrial
revolution 4.0, so that it can help the administrators and da'i
of da'wah institutions to improve and update da'wah strategies.
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Strategy Management of Dakwah Education in the Era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0
