Introduction
In
the context of governance, accountability is a prerequisite for the creation of
good, democratic, and trustworthy governance. In this concept, accountability
is often associated with a car or resource management that has been given and
controlled by an institution, or individual to achieve goals through a medium
in the form of periodic performance accountability reports (Wiliam, n.d.).
One
thing that cannot be separated from the implementation of good governance is
the concept related to its characterization, including transparency,
responsiveness, consensus orientation, equity, efficiency, effectiveness, and
accountability. From these characteristics, there are three important aspects
of accountability, namely the realization of transparency, efficiency, and
effectiveness. Accountability is the provision of information and disclosure of
activities and performance to interested parties. Accountability according to (Cahyadi, 2016)
is a form of obligation to account for the success or failure of the implementation
of the organization's mission in achieving predetermined goals and targets,
through a medium of accountability that is carried out periodically. In
addition, according to James P. Lester and Joseph Stewart (Tangkau, 2012)
who define policy implementation is seen in a broad sense, is a tool of legal
administration where various actors, organizations, procedures, and techniques
work together to carry out policies to achieve the desired impact or goal.
Public
accountability is the government's responsibility to the community related to
the activities and activities that are its responsibility through the
presentation of financial statements, where the public has the right and
authority to ask for accountability (Rahayu, Susanto, & Yulianti, 2011).
Since
the era of independence, elections have been held and continue to try to find
the right system to be applied in Indonesia (Mawazi, 2017)
because the Election System was formed to understand the political situation so
that it can accommodate changes in people's electoral attitudes and behavior in
the future. (Riwanto, 2014)
And the Election System is also one of the elements in political institutions
that have a very important influence on governance issues (Rosana, 2012)
The
first general election (PEMILU) in Indonesia was held in September 1955 to
elect members of the People's Representative Council, Regional People's
Representative Council, and in December 1955 to elect a Constituent Assembly
and continues to this day (Mujiburohman, 2017)
General elections as a means of implementing people's sovereignty and is a
concept of popular sovereignty (Santoso, Hadi, Pizzi, & Lagel, 2016)
in Indonesia implemented by the General Election Commission (KPU). Because
according to (Ridho, 2017)
People's sovereignty describes the system of a state in which the highest power
is held by the people also describes the fulfillment of the general will in the
formation of regulations (Nugroho, 2013)
However,
elections are not just participation but the implementation of the principle of
popular sovereignty (Nasution, 2017)
Normatively,
the existence of the KPU is regulated in Article 22E paragraph (5) of the 1945
Constitution which states that elections are conducted by the General Elections
Commission. According to (Aisyah, 2020),
�The General Election Commission (KPU) is the only institution that has the
authority to organize Legislative Elections, Presidential Elections, and
Regional Head Elections in Indonesia. KPU as the organizer of the general
election and as mandated in Law Number 07 of 2001 concerning General Election
Organizers in holding the General Election is committed and guided by the
principles of independence, honesty, justice, legal certainty, order, public
interest, openness, proportionality. , professionalism, accountability,
efficiency, and effectiveness. (ZALUKHU, 2021)
states that General election organizers are institutions that organize
elections, consisting of the Regional General Election Commission (KPUD), the
Election Supervisory Body (Bawaslu) for the
provincial level, and the Election Supervisory Committee (Panwaslu)
for the region. Regencies/municipalities as a unitary function of election
organizers to elect members of the People's Representative Council (DPR),
Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD), president and vice president
directly by the people, as well as to democratically elect governors, regents,
and mayors.
But
until now there are still many people who have not exercised their right to
vote. They are referred to as the White Group (golput),
which is always present in every general election in any country. Even Golput alias people who do not use their voting rights in
general elections have been winners since the 2009 election (Suharyanti, 2020).
Many factors can cause white groups, ranging from individual factors and
factors from not knowing the existing legislative candidates to the number of
jobs that prevent people from going to polling stations. From the government,
such as the lack of socialization carried out so that many people do not understand
to vote, especially people who are in remote or remote areas.
From
the observations of researchers related to the Regional Head Election in 2018,
there were problems at the stage of the Regional Head General Election such as
in determining the Permanent Voter List (DPT) where DP4 was based on the
Identity Card (KTP-el). Furthermore, there are public
complaints where many residents are not registered as voters even though they
have long lived in Minahasa Regency.
The
next problem that has become phenomenal is that the basic rules that refer to
Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections Article 240
point G, which should be the basis of PKPU number 2 of 2018 are issued,
still need to be interpreted explicitly in the determination of the Permanent
Candidate List. Normatively in the Regional Head Elections in Indonesia, in
Article 2 of Law number 07 of 2017 concerning the Implementation of Elections,
there are at least 3 indicators that have public accountability for organizers,
namely: (1) that each organizer (KPU) must be independent, honest, fair, legal
certainty, orderly organizers of the Owners, prioritizing public and open
interests; must be professional, proportional, accountable, efficient and
effective; (2) The Operator must be independent of any party about its duties
and implementation and authority; (3) The organizers must consistently enforce
the election law regulations.
From
the problems above, the researcher is interested in researching the
Administrative Accountability of the Regional General Election Commission (PUD)
of the Minahasa Regency (Study on the 2018 Minahasa Regency Head Election). The formulation of the
problem in this research is: how is the level of accountability in the
administration of the Regional General Election Commission (KPUD) in the implementation
of the General Election in Minahasa Regency?.
Method
This
research was conducted using a qualitative approach, because qualitative
research emphasizes the process of finding meaning behind the phenomena that
arise in research, with the aim that the problems to be studied are more
comprehensive, in-depth, natural, and as they are and without much interference
from the public. research on emerging facts.
The
definition of the descriptive method is a method in examining the status of a
human group, an object, a condition, a system of thought, or in a class of
events in the present. The reason for using this research is because of the
suitability of the existing problems, where to find out the Optimization of the
Retribution for Tourism Areas related to the Implementation of the Business
Service Retribution Policy in the City of Tomohon, a
natural and overall explanation of the deep problems is needed.
Results And Discussion
Tomohon has long been written down in several historical
records. One of them is found in the ethnographic work of the Reverend N. Graafland who when on January 14, 1864, aboard Queen
Elisabeth, wrote about a country called Tomohon which
he visited around 1850. According to several sources, Tomohon
comes from the word (Tou mu'ung ) in the tombulu language. It is said that Tomohon
is one of the areas belonging to the Tombulu
ethnicity, which is one of the eight indigenous Minahasa
ethnic groups. The development of civilization and the dynamics of the implementation
of development and society from year to year have made Tomohon
one of the sub-district capitals in the Minahasa
Regency.
In the early decades of the 2000s, people in
several parts of the Minahasa district gave birth to
inspiration and aspirations for the tendency of the strategic environment both
internally and externally to carry out the regional expansion. The winds of
reformation and the implementation of regional autonomy policies have
accelerated the process of accommodating people's aspirations for the regional
expansion in question. Through a long juridical process and careful
consideration in the context of accelerating national development for the
welfare of the wider community, the Minahasa Regency
Government and the Minahasa Regency Regional
Representative Council recommend community aspirations for the establishment of
South Minahasa Regency, Tomohon
City, and North Minahasa Regency; supported by the
North Sulawesi Provincial Government. The formation of the South Minahasa Regency and Tomohon City
was determined by the Central Government with the issuance of Law Number 10 of
2003 and the establishment of North Minahasa Regency
through Law Number 33 of 2003.
The formation of the legislative body of the
City of Tomohon as a result of the 2004 General
Election, resulted in the Tomohon City Regional
Regulation Number 22 of 2005 concerning the Regional Coat of Arms and the Tomohon City Regional Regulation Number 29 of 2005
concerning the Anniversary of the City of Tomohon.
A.
Government and Area
Administratively, the
city of Tomohon consists of 44 urban villages with a
population of 100,587 in 2020, spread over 5 sub-districts with an area of
147,2178 km2 or 14,721.78 ha. The administrative boundaries in
each sub-district are bordered by the Minahasa
district.
Tomohon City is located at 1�15' North Latitude and
124�50' East Longitude. The area of Tomohon
City based on the Decree of the Republic of Indonesia Law Number 10 of 2003 is
about 11,420 hectares with a population of 87,719 people. Tomohon
City is located at an altitude of approximately 900-1100 meters above sea level
(asl), flanked by 2 active volcanoes, namely Mount Lokon
(1,580 m) and Mount Mahawu (1,311 m). The temperature
in Tomohon City during the day can reach 30 degrees
Celsius and 18-22 degrees Celsius at night.
Tomohon City, one of the cities located in Minahasa Regency, the existing Maengket
dance also changed function. In dissecting the existing problems, the
researcher uses the descriptive analysis method and uses a sociological approach.
Based on the results obtained, currently, Maengket
Dance is divided into four functions. The first function, namely as a means of
ceremony/religion. One example is that the Maengket
dance is part of the liturgical system of church worship, namely the inculturation
of Minahasa culture in the Inculturation Mass. The
second function is as a social tool. The interaction between dancers, stylists,
musicians, fashion, and make-up stylists, makes Maengket
dance a means of good association. The third function, Maengket
dance as a means of entertainment.
C.
Tomohon International Flower Festival (TIFF)
The most interesting
thing about tourism in Tomohon is the Tomohon Flower Festival which is held once a year and is
celebrated and visited by several countries in Asia, America, and Europe. At
the festival, there is an activity that attracts many tourists to come and see,
namely the Tournament of Flowers (ToF). The city of Tomohon often holds parades to commemorate Indonesia's independence day on August 17th and the parade attracts
tourists to see the drum band/ marching band parade which has been arranged by
the committee and the city government of Tomohon.
D.
Description of Research Results
E.
Policy Implementation of Regional Regulation
Number 8 of 2016 Regarding Business Service Fees Related to Optimizing
Retribution for Tourism Areas of Tomohon City.
Implementation is an
activity carried out through planning a determination and referring to certain
rules to achieve the objectives of an activity. Implementation can be applied
if there is already a plan or concept of the event to be carried out. The
results of the implementation of the plan are expected to achieve the goals to
the maximum and not disappoint those who have been waiting for it. The purpose
of implementation is to implement and realize every plan that has been prepared
into a real form. In terms of compiling a plan, the objectives to be achieved
are also drawn up. Thus, implementation can practically be said as a means to
achieve related and bound goals.
Retribution is a
collection of services provided by the Regional Government by adhering to the
commercial principle, both services by using/utilizing regional assets that
have not been used optimally and/or services by local governments as long as
they cannot be provided adequately by the private sector.
In this process, the
researcher asked several questions to informants who were Staff of Tourism
Destinations, Secretary of the Tourism Office, tourism employees, or as levy
collectors (Teanaga Konark and civil servants) at
tourist sites in Tomohon City. The researcher
proposes a theory about Perda number 8 of 2016, as
well as regarding the retribution for tourist areas in the city of Tomohon.
In the implementation
of this activity, 40 tourist destination delegates (owners, managers, employees
of tourist objects) and the Tourism Destinations Association (ADESTA) of the
city of Tomohon have successfully trained, with the
theme of Destination Governance research, which was carried out on November 4
to 6 2020 and 40 Homestay managers (Homestay Owners and Managers) with the
theme of Homestay Management Training/Pondok Wisata/Tourism House which will be held from 18 to 20
November 2020 at the Grand Master Resort Tomohon.
The implementation of
this activity has successfully trained 40 natural tour guides, both senior and
junior. The implementation of this activity is on November 11 to 13, 2020 at
the Grand Master Resort, with the theme of training namely Nature Tour Guide
Training, Ecological Tourism. The resource persons for this training were the
secretary of the city of Tomohon, academics/lecturers
from both private and public universities in North Sulawesi, the chairman of
the North Sulawesi HPI, and the Tomohon WKPA.
Amid the COVID-19
pandemic which has changed normal living habits into New Normal which also has
an impact on tourism activities, so that scheduled events cannot be carried
out, because it is feared that they can mobilize the masses and cause crowds.
To keep tourism actors active, the government allows the operation of tourist
attractions by implementing strict health protocols. One of the attractions
belonging to the Tomohon City government, namely the
Nature Tourism Park, on August 8, 2020, was opened to the public while still
prioritizing CHSE (Cleanliness, Healthy, Secure Environment).
Conclusion
From the
results of research conducted by researchers, it can be concluded that:1) Regional
Regulation Number 8 of 2016 concerning Business Service Retribution, especially
the Tourist Area Retribution, has not been implemented in all tourist objects
in Tomohon City. There are several tourist objects
where the levy is fixed, while in other tourist areas there is not enough about
the implementation of the levy, so if in a tourist area that does not have a
permanent levy, both domestic and foreign tourists have not been able to carry
out the withdrawal of the levy because there is no cooperation between the
local government. and owners of tourist attractions.2) Of the 32 leading
tourist attractions in Tomohon City, the local
government has only collaborated with 3 tourist attractions. This means that
there are only 3 tourist attractions that have become the object of retribution
from the regional government.3) There are several segments of routine
activities from local governments that have not been used as places for levies
to be withdrawn, such as for photoshoots at tourist sites, event tickets/TIFF,
and the like.4) The existence of the Covid 19 pandemic hit the world so that it
greatly affected the achievement of the visiting target and the achievement of
the dawn levy for tourist areas.
Factors
Inhibiting Optimization of Retribution for Tourism Areas in Tomohon
City,1) Achievement of targets that have not been optimal due to human
resources that have not been good in quality and quantity.2) Special training
for retribution collectors provided by the tourism office is currently not
optimally implemented, new retribution collectors receive guidance in which
retribution collectors must be polite and friendly to visitors to tourist areas,
and retribution must be by data from visitors daily, there is no further
training such as foreign language training or how to deal directly with foreign
visitors.3) Optimization of retribution must be arranged according to the
achievement that has been determined, where the retribution is optimized
through the development of human resources and the internal mutual improvement
of tourist areas. The management of retribution is also optimized by
compensating field workers both in the context of contract workers. The lack of
visitors at the beginning of 2020 caused the optimization of tourist area
levies to be hampered, this was due to the covid 19 virus outbreak which forced
the government to close all tourist areas, in which they would reopen at an
adjusted time with a note providing limits on the number and hours of visits
and complying with health protocols. which has been instructed by the central
and regional governments,4) The compensation received by the retribution
collection officer still depends on the achievement of the target, if the
specified achievement has been achieved according to what has been reported and
is by the data that has been submitted to the tourism office, the appropriate
compensation will be given, but with a target that has not been achieved for
now the compensation given is limited to what is received by the tourism
office.
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