Rizke Amalia Fauziah, Masrifan
Djamil, Supriyana
Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang, Indonesia
Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang, Indonesia
Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang, Indonesia
Email: [email protected],
[email protected], [email protected] �
|
ARTICLE INFO |
ABSTRACT |
|
Received� 23 Juny 2021 Revision 1 July 2021 Approved 10 July 2021 |
The Puskesmas
Information Reporting System (SIP) has been in since 1981. In its
implementation, SIP was still limited to data which was the result of
interactions between the community and health facilities. Methods used
Research and Development (R&D). Collecting data by interview,
observation, and documentation. The sample contained sample I amounted were 6
people, sample II were 25 people, and sample III were 16 people. Sampling
technique with non probability sampling. Data analyswas used univariate and bivariate analyswas. Result that designed and built after being
tested by experts, it was feasible to apply the Digital-Based Dental Health
Recording and Reporting Service System Development Model. The Development
Model of the Digital-Based Dental Health Recording and Reporting Service
System after being tested has been proven to be relevant/suitable for use in
the implementation of the digital-based dental health recording and reporting
service system at the Puskesmas in Boyolali Regency. The Development Model of the
Digital-Based Dental Health Recording and Reporting Service System has
effective for the substance of the application system and improves the
quality of the measurement before and after the development of a dental
health recording and reporting service system based at the Puskesmas in Boyolali District
with p value =0.001. Conclusion that Development Model
of the Digital-Based Dental Health Recording and Reporting Service System has
effective for the substance of the application system and improves the
quality dental health recording and reporting service system based at the Puskesmas. |
|
Keywords: Digital-based system development service recording reporting model |
INTRODUCTION
The implementation of health services was every effort that was carried
out alone or jointly in order to improve and maintain health, prevent dwasease, treat dwasease and
restore health of individuals, groups and communities. The main objectives of
health services were preventive and promotive (health improvement) services
targeting the community.
Minister of Health Republic of Indonesia Number 75 of 2014 states that
the Community Health Center (Puskesmas) was a health
service facility that organizes public health efforts and first-level
individual health efforts (Mujiati & Yuniar, 2016).
Puskesmas organizes the first level of UKM (Public
Health Efforts) and organizes UKP Individual) the first level in their working
area (Maghfiroh
& Rochmah, 2017).
Puskesmas management was a series of activities that work systematically to
produce effective and efficient Puskesmas outcomes. A
series of systematic activities was carried out by the Puskesmas
with attention to management functions (Nurmandi,
2018). One of the Puskesmas management activities
was the implementation of control, namely a series of activities ranging from
organizing, organizing, monitoring the local area/PWS with data from health
recording and reporting in the Workshop forum. Mini Puskesmas
(Nurmandi,
2018).
Efforts made in the activity or process of documenting dental and oral
health services to monitor and analyze the development of dental and oral deases in the district/city use recording and reporting.
Recording was an activity or process of documenting an activity in written
form, while reporting was a record that provides information about a particular
activity and its results which were conveyed to the authorized party or related
to that activity (Nilawati,
Sugiarsi, & Darnoto, 2016).
One of the requirements for Puskesmas
accreditation was the adminwastration and management
of Puskesmas based on the Regulation of the Minister
of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 75 of 2014 concerning Puskesmas, recording and reporting was part of the Health
Information System (SIK) of Puskesmas that must be
carried out (Nilawati
et al., 2016). When compwered to the 4.0 era, recording and
Manual reporting was very ineffective and time efficient at the time of
collecting the documentation files and reporting them to the authorized party (Tjandrawinata,
2016).
Puskesmas reporting related to activities and achievements that have been carried
out using the Puskesmas Information System (SIP) was
an activity and reporting of general data, facilities, personnel and health
service efforts in the community in accordance with Government Regulation
number 46 of 2014 concerning health information systems, This was implement the
provwasions of Article 168 paragraph (3) of Law
number 36 of 2009 concerning health (Suryani
& Solikhah, 2013).
The results of the government's efforts on recording and reporting at Puskesmas in the era 4.0, namely there were still
weaknesses in the development of the National Health Information System, namely that most regions do not have adequate capabilities in implementing
health information systems, data and information by management was not optimal,
health data and information by the community was underdeveloped, telematics
technology was not yet optimal, funds for the development of the health
information system were limited, there was a lack of full-time health
information system personnel (Niken,
2019).
SIP has been in effect since 1981. In its implementation, SIP was still
limited to data which was the result of interactions between the community and
health facilities. The various SIP data available to support Puskesmas management have not been utilized optimally.
Resources were limited in Puskesmas in terms of
people and supporting facilities. Recording and reporting using SIP was
currently not yet fully implemented in the Puskesmas/sub-district
area (Departemen
Kesehatan RI, 2019).
Government Regulation number 46 of 2014 concerning Health Information
Systems (SIK), This was to implement the provwasions
of article 168 paragraph (3) of Law number 36 of 2009 concerning health.
Evaluation of recording and reporting at Puskesmas
using the Health Metricts Network-World Health
Organization (HMN-WHO) toolkit. The results obtained were that GWAS was present
but inadequate for resources (47%), indicators (61%), data sources (51%), data
quality (55%), data use and dwassemination (57%), for
data management ( 35%), so that in general these results indicate that the
overall GWAS still needs to be improved (Miah,
Gammack, & Hasan, 2017).
The health information system could be a softwwere
that can make it easier for health workers and the Health Office to determine
the procedures and policies that were used to systematically manage the
information cycle to support the implementation of integrated and comprehensive
health management within the framework of health services to the community. For
This purpose a health information system needs to be built by organizing
various data that have been collected systematically and processing the data
into useful information (Ramadhani,
Anis, & Masruro, 2013).
Recording and reporting were indicators of the success of activities. The
output of recording and reporting was valuable and valuable data and
information when using the right and correct method. Data and information were
the most important elements in a Puskesmas, because
it could be seen about the success or development of the Puskesmas
(Mangaro
& Setyowati, 2014). Therefore, medical record services at Puskesmas
need to be improved with digitalization innovations. Innovative models for the
development of a digital-based dental health recording and reporting service
system in Puskesmas. This model can make it easier
for dental health workers to record, report, process and analyze dental health
data carried out in public health units and individual health units (Mangaro
& Setyowati, 2014).
Research of Febrianto, Putra, and Perdanakusuma in the SIMPUS time efficiency aspect, the
results obtained were 100%, which means that the overall time obtained in
completing the task was quite good (Febrianto,
Putra, & ..., 2019). Based on the time-based efficiency results that have been obtained, the
difference in the time to complete the task The fastest and the longest tasks
were obtained based on the differences in interactions that occur between the
first task and the sixth task where the first task the user was only asked to
log in to the SIMPLE application while for the sixth task the user was asked to
perform patient data execution which has more activity than the task that was
used. the first to just log in to the SIMPLE application.
The results of Wariyanti, Harjanti,
and Sugiarsi's research show that filling out This
important report must be filled completely because important reports were used
to determine the patient's dwasease course and show
further diagnoswas (Wariyanti,
Harjanti, & Sugiarsi, 2019). In This report recording the date and time of recording was important
because it was related to the regulation that recording Medical records must be
completed within 1x24 hours at the latest (Aryanti,
2014; Rani & Ernawati, 2014; Wariyanti et al., 2019).
The results of the research conducted by Nazir and Darmawati
(Nazir
& Darmawati, 2018) and Andriyani and Perdana(Andriyani
& Perdana, 2014) show that with SIP data reporting information system application, the
city health office can easily control and recap SIP data reported by all Puskesmas quickly and on time. Thus the development of
health data could be realtime, reports on time,
completed on time, effective, efficient and useful for the preparation of
health development planning (Azizah,
2018; Budi & Rokhman, 2014; Gulo & Simamora, 2018; Maman, 2016).
Other research results show that electronic medical records can have a
negative impact on doctor and patient communication, such as dwasruption of confinement due to focusing too much on the
screen while filling out medical records, but on the other hand, it can have a
positive effect, namely that it can make it easier to carry out integrated
services (Alkureishi
et al., 2016). In terms of time, in general, it takes a longer time to fill out
electronic medical records than manual medical records. Perry's research shows
that from a study of 1 non-traumatic chest pain patient before the use of
electronic medical records and 76 non-traumatic chest pain patients after using
electronic medical records, the time for documenting electronic medical records
was longer, namely 9.6 minutes compwered to
conventional medical records of about 6.1 minute (Perry
et al., 2014).
The results of a preliminary study conducted on field work practice (PKL)
students of the Applied Master of Dental and Oral Therapwast
Health Study Program in September-October 2018 at the Boyolali
District Health Office obtained information on the results of interviews with
officers in charge of the District Health Office SIP. Boyolali
problems that exwast in several Boyolali
Puskesmas were (1) Delays in sending SIP reports; (2)
Data on Dental Health was incomplete; (3) the person in charge of recording and
reporting system data at the Puskesmas does not send
the data to the Health Office; (4) Lack of coordination between reporting
system managers and officers at Puskesmas. (5) there
was still manual recording and reporting of Puskesmas,
which hinders reporting to the Health Office even though there was an SIP, (6)
there was a lack of personnel in charge of the Health Office information
system. Based on these conditions, it was necessary to develop a data
collection method for the rwask of dental and oral dwaseases that aims to improve the quality of sustainable
dental and oral health services (Dinas
Kesehatan Kabupaten Boyolali, 2018). The aim of This study was to produce a model for
developing a digital-based dental health recording and reporting service system
and to analyze its effectiveness for the quality of the dental health recording
and reporting system at the Puskesmas.
METHOD
The method used was Research and Development (R&D). Steps were done
in this study in depth:
1. The process of gathering information, product/model design, expert
validation and revwasion, product/model testing, and
product/model results. Collecting information by analyzing needs, identifying
and analyzing problems experienced in the implementation of recording and
reporting of dental and oral health. The data collected from information collection
was used to create a model for the development of digital-based dental health
recording and reporting service system. Expert validation test was used to test
the feasibility of product before it was used for the public. Internal testing
was planned to be carried out by 3 experts, namely health promotion experts, IT
experts, and Puskesmas management experts. Data
collection techniques using structured (structured interviews), observation,
and documentation. Tests were carried out to produce product/model suitable for
use.
2. Product trial was carried out by applying product designs in real
conditions. The test design used a quasy experimental
Non-Randomized Control Group Pretest And Posttest
Design (Non Equivalent Control Group). This design was more applicable to
examining the causal relationship between two groups in situations where random
selection was not possible. This design was used to analyze the effect of the
development model for dental and oral health recording and reporting systems in
the health information system in the form of the use of digital-based
information systems on the value of the substance in the system and the value
of the quality of dental health recording and reporting system information. The
result of the product/model in the form of model for the development of
digital-based dental health recording and reporting service system at Puskesmas was the output of the development of dental
health recording and reporting service system at the Puskesmas.
Sample I of research subjects for the information collection stage was
carried out by non-probability sampling totaling 6 people from the Health
Office including the Head of Public Health Center Management, the Head of
Health and IT, Head of Public Health Centers, dental health personnel (dentwasts and dental therapwasts).
Sample II research subjects for expert validation and revwasion
with non-probability sampling 1 Dental and Oral Therapwast
(TGM) in each Puskesmas with total were 25
respondents. Sample III using total sample, namely all dental therapwasts from all Puskesmas in
Boyolali Regency were 16 respondents.
Data processing used editing, coding, and data tabulation. Validity test
used product moment correlation and reliability test uses Cronbach's alpha.
Normality of data using Shapiro-Wilk. Univariate analys
was used frequency dwastribution. Bivariate analysys if data was normally distributed, bivariate analysis
uses Paired t-test, if data was not normally distributed, data analyswas used Wilcoxon. Multivariate analysis used linear
regression analysis.
A. Information
Gathering
The results of the collection of information were carried out by
interviewing the Health Office covering the field of Health Services, the field
of Health Promotion and IT, Head of Public Health Centers, dental health
personnel (Dentwasts and Oral and Dental Therapwasts).
B.
Information Systems Framework
The model framework for developing a digital-based dental health
recording and reporting service system in Puskesmas
with a Digital-Based Dental Health Recording and Reporting Service System
Development Model conswasts of input, process, and
output and determination of the exwasting system
(SIMPUS) and the system to be built (Development Model Digital-Based Dental
Health Recording and Reporting Service System in Puskesmas).
C.
System Process Design
Using use case diagrams and activity diagrams. The use case diagram was a
diagram for modeling aspects of system behavior. This diagram shows a set of
use cases, actors, and their relationships. Use cases were functionality of the
system that actors initialize. The actors in This study were oral and dental therapwasts. Activity diagrams were actually a special form
of state machines that aim to model computations and work flows that occur in
systems/softwwere being developed.
D.
Product Design/Model
Data resulting from information collection was used to design a product
or model. The results of information collection revealed that there was no
development model for digital-based dental health recording and reporting in Puskesmas so that the ongoing system was unable to answer
the challenges in the global millennial era for dental health at Puskesmas, so the researchers created a model for
developing a service-based dental health recording and reporting service
system. digital services in Puskesmas that were
tailored to the needs of a suitable method for recording and reporting dental
health at the Puskesmas. The following describes the
stages of the development model for a digital-based dental health recording and
reporting service system at the Puskesmas.
E.
Expert Validation Test
Table 1
Expert Validation Test
|
Number |
Experts |
Score |
Average Score |
P-Value |
|
1 |
Dental and Oral Therapwasts (TGM) |
94,7 |
|
|
|
2 |
Information
Technology Experts (IT) |
97,4 |
96,5 |
0,001 |
|
3 |
Management Experts |
97,4 |
|
|
|
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients |
||||
Based on the results of the assessment from the expert validator, it was
known that the average feasibility score was 96.5 in the very feasible category
(without revwasion). The results of expert validity
show that the p-value of 0.001 means that the Development of Digital-Based
Dental There were 3 expert validations, namely Dental and Oral Therapwasts (TGM), Health Promotion), Information
Technology (IT) Experts, and Management Experts.
Health Recording and Reporting Service System was relevant and feasible
as a dental health recording and reporting system in the Puskesmas.
F.
Product/Model Trials
1.
Univariate Analysis
Table 2
Dwastribution Frequency Based on Characterwastics
of Health Workers in Puskesmas
|
Variables |
Frequention |
Percentage (%) |
|
Age |
|
|
|
Early Adulthood
(26-35 years) |
1 |
4.0 |
|
Late Adulthood
(36-45 years) |
16 |
64.0 |
|
Early Elderly
(46-55 years) |
8 |
32.0 |
|
Gender |
|
|
|
Male |
9 |
36.0 |
|
Female |
16 |
64.0 |
|
Length of Working |
|
|
|
10-15 years |
8 |
32.0 |
|
16-20 years |
12 |
48.0 |
|
21-25 years |
4 |
16.0 |
|
26-30 years |
1 |
4.0 |
|
Education |
|
|
|
Diploma |
18 |
72.0 |
|
Bachelor |
7 |
28.0 |
Table 2 shows that 25 respondents, dental and oral therapwasts
at Puskesmas in the working area of District Health
Office.
Boyolali, some was aged 36-45 years (late adults), were 16 people (64.0%). In
terms of gender, most of the respondents were female, were 16 people (64.0%).
Based on the length of work, most of the respondents have worked for 16-20
years, were 12 people (48.0%). Then based on the characterwastics
of their education, most of the respondents had diploma education, were 18
people (72.0%).
Table 3
Average Value of Application System Substance
Aspects and Information Quality Before and After the Development Model of
Digital-Based Dental Health Recording and Reporting Services
|
Composite
Variables |
Statistics |
|||
|
Mean |
SD |
Min |
Max |
|
|
General Substantion Aplication |
||||
|
General Substantion_Pre |
6 |
1.528 |
4 |
9 |
|
General Substantion_Post |
9.72 |
1.242 |
8 |
12 |
|
Ease of Using_Pre |
9.92 |
2.783 |
7 |
15 |
|
Ease of Using_Post |
16.24 |
1.234 |
13 |
18 |
|
Ease of Learning_Pre |
3.92 |
1.256 |
2 |
6 |
|
Ease of Learning_Post |
6.6 |
0.866 |
5 |
8 |
|
Response Time_Pre |
11.88 |
3.283 |
8 |
18 |
|
Response Time_Post |
19.32 |
1.676 |
17 |
22 |
|
Ease of Menu and Availability_Pre |
3.88 |
1.130 |
3 |
6 |
|
Ease of Menu and Availability_Post |
6.28 |
0.792 |
5 |
8 |
|
System Reability_Pre |
3.76 |
1.052 |
3 |
6 |
|
System Reability_Post |
6.44 |
0.821 |
5 |
8 |
|
Completeness of Features_Pre |
31.88 |
8.323 |
23 |
48 |
|
Completeness of Features_Post |
55.12 |
2.472 |
50 |
62 |
|
Information
Quality |
|
|
|
|
|
Completeness of Information_Pre |
19.64 |
2.644 |
15 |
14 |
|
Completeness of Information_Post |
23.44 |
0.870 |
21 |
24 |
|
Easiness_Pre |
12.88 |
2.147 |
8 |
16 |
|
Easiness _Post |
15.48 |
0.714 |
14 |
16 |
|
Accuration_Pre |
16.36 |
2.307 |
13 |
20 |
|
Accuration_Post |
19.64 |
0.700 |
18 |
20 |
|
Relevantion_Pre |
9.8 |
1.756 |
6 |
12 |
|
Relevantion_Post |
11.64 |
0.757 |
9 |
12 |
|
Punctuality_Pre |
3.24 |
0.597 |
2 |
4 |
|
Punctuality_Post |
3.92 |
0.277 |
3 |
4 |
|
Information Conswastency_Pre |
3.44 |
0.583 |
2 |
4 |
|
Information Conswastency_Post |
3.84 |
0.374 |
3 |
4 |
|
Report Conswastency_Pre |
3.48 |
0.510 |
3 |
4 |
|
Report Conswastency_Post |
3.88 |
0.332 |
3 |
4 |
|
Total_Pre |
140.08 |
25.59 |
110 |
187 |
|
Total_Post |
201.56 |
5.82 |
192 |
218 |
Table 3 shows the average value of the general substance aspects of all
applications that have increased in value before and after the provwasion of information systems. The highest increase in
the completeness of the previous features was 31.88, an increase of 55.12. The
average value of all aspects of information quality has increased in value
before and after the provwasion of information
systems. The highest increase in the completeness of the information aspect, which
was 19.64, increased to 23.44.
Table 4
Normality Test
|
Variables |
p-value |
|
General Substantion Aplication |
|
|
General Substantion_Pre |
0.006 |
|
General Substantion_Post |
0.001 |
|
Ease of Using_Pre |
0.001 |
|
Ease of Using_Post |
0.001 |
|
Ease of Learning_Pre |
0.001 |
|
Ease of Learning_Post |
0.001 |
|
Response Time_Pre |
0.001 |
|
Response Time_Post |
0.004 |
|
Ease of Menu and Availability_Pre |
0.001 |
|
Ease of Menu and Availability_Post |
0.003 |
|
System Reability_Pre |
0.001 |
|
System Reability_Post |
0.005 |
|
Completeness of Features_Pre |
0.001 |
|
Completeness of Features_Post |
0.073 |
|
Information
Quality |
|
|
Completeness of Information_Pre |
0.091 |
|
Completeness of Information_Post |
0.001 |
|
Easiness_Pre |
0.127 |
|
Easiness _Post |
0.001 |
|
Accuration_Pre |
0.064 |
|
Accuration_Post |
0.001 |
|
Relevantion_Pre |
0.016 |
|
Relevantion_Post |
0.001 |
|
Punctuality_Pre |
0.001 |
|
Punctuality_Post |
0.001 |
|
Information Conswastency_Pre |
0.001 |
|
Information Conswastency_Post |
0.001 |
|
Report Conswastency_Pre |
0.001 |
|
Report Conswastency_Post |
0.001 |
|
Total_Pre |
0.002 |
|
Total_Post |
0.374 |
Shapiro-Wilk
Table 4 shows the p-value for all variables, both pretest and posttest,
all <α (0.05), so it shows that the data from these after the provwasion of information systems. The highest increase in
the completeness of the information aspect, which was 19.64, increased to
23.44.
variables were not normally dwastributed.
Except, for the variables of completeness of posttest features, completeness of
pretest, ease of pretest, accuracy of pretest, and total posttest obtained
p-value> α (0.05), so that it were normally dwastributed. Thus, because the data were not normally dwastributed, the test used to analyze the effectiveness
used the Wilcoxon test.
2.
Bivariate Analysis
Table 5
Analyswas of the Development Model for Digital-Based
Dental Health Recording and Reporting Services Before and After Providing
Information Systems
|
Variabel |
Treatments |
N |
Mean |
SD |
Z |
p-value |
|
General Substantion Aplication |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
General Substantion |
Before |
25 |
6.00 |
1.53 |
-4.038 |
0.001 |
|
|
After |
25 |
9.72 |
1.24 |
|
|
|
Ease of Using |
Before |
25 |
9.92 |
2.78 |
-4.119 |
0.001 |
|
|
After |
25 |
16.24 |
1.23 |
|
|
|
Ease of Learning |
Before |
25 |
3.92 |
1.26 |
-4.063 |
0.001 |
|
|
After |
25 |
6.60 |
0.87 |
|
|
|
Response Time |
Before |
25 |
11.88 |
3.28 |
-4.206 |
0.001 |
|
|
After |
25 |
19.32 |
1.68 |
|
|
|
Ease of Menu and |
Before |
25 |
3.88 |
1.13 |
-4.100 |
0.001 |
|
Availability |
After |
25 |
6.28 |
0.79 |
|
|
|
System Reability |
Before |
25 |
3.76 |
1.05 |
-4.334 |
0.001 |
|
|
After |
25 |
6.44 |
0.82 |
|
|
|
Completeness of
Features |
Before |
25 |
31.88 |
8.32 |
-4.376 |
0.001 |
|
|
After |
25 |
55.12 |
2.47 |
|
|
|
Information
Quality |
||||||
|
Completeness of
Information |
Before |
25 |
19.64 |
2.64 |
-4.301 |
0.001 |
|
|
After |
25 |
23.44 |
0.87 |
|
|
|
Easiness |
Before |
25 |
12.88 |
2.15 |
-4.224 |
0.001 |
|
|
After |
25 |
15.48 |
0.71 |
|
|
|
Accuration |
Before |
25 |
16.36 |
2.31 |
-4.159 |
0.001 |
|
|
After |
25 |
19.64 |
0.70 |
|
|
|
Relevantion |
Before |
25 |
9.8 |
1.76 |
-4.072 |
0.001 |
|
|
After |
25 |
11.64 |
0.76 |
|
|
|
Punctuality |
Before |
25 |
3.24 |
0.60 |
-4.123 |
0.001 |
|
|
After |
25 |
3.92 |
0.28 |
|
|
|
Information Conswastency |
Before |
25 |
3.44 |
0.58 |
-3.162 |
0.002 |
|
|
After |
25 |
3.84 |
0.37 |
|
|
|
Report Conswastency |
Before |
25 |
3.48 |
0.51 |
-3.162 |
0.002 |
|
|
After |
25 |
3.88 |
0.33 |
|
|
|
Total
Scores of Effectiveness |
||||||
|
Total Scores of |
Before |
25 |
140.08 |
25.59 |
-4.373 |
0.001 |
|
Questionnaire |
After |
25 |
201.56 |
5.82 |
|
|
|
Wilcoxon
test |
||||||
Application system substance, information quality, and total
effectiveness score, it showed that there were significant differences in the
value of general substance aspects, information quality, and the total score of
the recording and reporting system application system dental health before and
after used Digital-Based Dental Health Recording and Reporting Service System
Development Model.
Table 6
Effect of Confounding (Education) Variables on
Digital-Based Dental Health Recording and Reporting System Interventions
|
Educations |
Score |
Total |
p-value |
|
|
192-205 |
206-219 |
|||
|
Diploma |
14 |
4 |
18 |
1,000 |
|
Bachelor |
6 |
1 |
7 |
|
|
Total |
20 |
5 |
25 |
|
|
Chi-Squwere |
||||
Based on table 6, it could be seen that the p-value was 1,000, so the
educational confounding variable has no effect on the digital-based dental
health recording and reporting system intervention.
a. Application System Substance
The results of the research on the general substance aspect with a
p-value of 0.001 indicate that the use of the information system from the
general substance aspect was complete and sufficient for the data needed in
recording and reporting dental health. These results were in accordance with Azizah's research showing that the general substance
factors of filling out medical records were seen from the perspective of man,
material, machine, and method (Azizah, 2018).
The results of the research on the aspect of ease of use with a p-value
of 0.001 indicate that the use of information systems from the convenience
aspect has helped make it easier for officers to record and report dental
health. The results of This study were in accordance with the 2016 Institute of
Medicine (IOM) report series that ineffective service coordination was due to
poor communication between health workers in providing and deciding clinical
services provided. IOM recommends electronic medical records as a supporting
medium for improving the quality of patient cwere
through easy accessibility of information (Maliang, Imran, &
Alim, 2019). Usability was a quality measure that could be used to provide a value
for the convenience of an interface that was used by users by using certain
criteria. The SIMPLE application was still classified as a new application for
usability measurement using three components of analyswas
aspects according to WASO 9241-11, namely effectiveness, efficiency and satwasfaction (Sibuea, 2016). The results of This study were in accordance with the standard study of
the Puskesmas Information System (SIP) electronic to
make it easier for officers to take notes and in making reports and in
providing reports to districts/cities, provinces and up to the center. Adminwastrative information system applications make it
easy to produce reports that were relevant, accurate, and timely (Andriyani & Perdana,
2014; Budi & Rokhman, 2014; Gulo & Simamora, 2018).
The results of the study on the ease of learning aspect with a p-value of
0.001, showed that the use of information systems from the easy-to-learn aspect
helped make it easier for officers to learn about dental health recording and
reporting programs. The results of This study were in accordance with the
research that the Puskesmas Management Information
System (SIMPUS) was an easy-to-learn system, almost all Puskesmas
employees master the operation of SIMPUS. This system was easy to operate,
input data only by following the exwasting menu
pattern in SIMPUS, then the system will automatically classify data, store and process
data into information, so that each section can access the data or information
needed (Handayani &
Izzatusholekha, 2014). SIMPUS was also a user-friendly program. SIMPUS uses the Windows
Operating System, dwasplays graphically and was easy
to use. Easy storage system. To dwasplay the data output
process could be accessed by using the mouse.
The results of the research on the response time aspect with a p-value of
0.001 indicate that the use of information systems from the aspect of response
time helps officers in running and operating dental health recording and
reporting programs. In one day the number of vwasitors to the Puskesmas can
reach 100 people, so in one year there will be thousands of medical record
data. The large number of medical records that must be managed by the Puskesmas creates problems because it requires a large
amount of manpower, time and space. The method of recording medical records on
paper was one of the main factors in the size of the needs that must be met.
Searching for a single sheet of medical records from all over the paper shelf
can take a lot of time. Paper media medical records by employees cause many
weaknesses, including that they take a long time, were less accurate, and can
produce incomplete information (Utami, 2015).
The development of an information system as a means of recording digital
medical records can accelerate the processing of medical records and reduce the
space allocated for storing thousands of medical record papers (Yuliartanto, Rochim, &
Windasari, 2014). The development of an adminwastrative
information system can speed up the process of processing patient adminwastrative data up to the process of making reports,
so that the time required shorter, efficiency in cost management and the
resulting information was more accurate (Utami, 2015). The quality of health services provided to the public could be improved
properly if it was supported by a good reporting system that was complete
information and the data must be received on time (Nazir & Darmawati,
2018).
The results of This study were in accordance with the research of Febrianto, Putra, and Perdanakusuma
in the SIMPUS time efficiency aspect, the results obtained were 100%, which
means that the overall time obtained in completing the task was quite good (Febrianto, Putra, &
..., 2019). Based on the time-based efficiency results that have been obtained, the
difference in the time to complete the task The fastest and the longest tasks
were obtained based on the differences in interactions that occur between the
first task and the sixth task where the first task the user was only asked to
log in to the SIMPLE application while for the sixth task the user was asked to
perform patient data execution which has more activity than the task that was
used. the first to just log in to the SIMPLE application.
The results of Wariyanti, Harjanti,
and Sugiarsi's research show that filling out This
important report must be filled completely because important reports were used
to determine the patient's dwasease course and show
further diagnoswas (Wariyanti, Harjanti, &
Sugiarsi, 2019). In This report recording the date and time of recording was important
because it was related to the regulation that recording Medical records must be
completed within 1x24 hours at the latest (Aryanti, 2014; Rani &
Ernawati, 2014; Wariyanti et al., 2019).
The results of the research conducted by Nazir and Darmawati
(Nazir & Darmawati,
2018) and Andriyani and Perdana(Andriyani & Perdana,
2014) show that with This SIP data reporting information system application,
the city health office can easily control and recap SIP data reported by all Puskesmas quickly and on time. Thus the development of health
data could be realtime, reports on time, completed on
time, effective, efficient and useful for the preparation of health development
planning (Azizah, 2018; Budi &
Rokhman, 2014; Gulo & Simamora, 2018; Maman, 2016).
The results of the research on the usability and menu availability
aspects with a p-value of 0.001, indicate that the use of information systems
from the aspects of usability and time availability helps officers in running
and operating dental health recording and reporting programs. The main problems
and obstacles in the implementation of recording and reporting medical records
were not yet were of the benefits and uses of medical records, both in health
service facilities and in individual practices, so that the medical records
made were incomplete, unclear and not on time. Recording and reporting of
medical records was very decwasive in analyzing cases
as the main means of accurate evidence (Mangentang, 2015). Availability of data sources was the main requirement for the success of
measuring quality. The incompleteness of filling out medical records greatly
affects the quality of medical records, because the quality of medical records
was a reflection of whether or not the quality of service at the Puskesmas was good.
The results of This study were in accordance with Honni's
research (Honni, 2013) that the use and availability of an online health application system
menu that could be applied at Puskesmas so that it
can improve health services to the community with a relatively low investment.
In the exwasting health system in general, patients
and health workers were dealing with data through applications that were
available for each of these sections separately. The development of a medical
record information system was aimed at supporting the availability of
information data for management and service implementers as well as the
development of a health information network (Utami, 2015).
The results of the research on the reliability aspect of the system with
a p-value of 0.001, indicate that the use of information systems from the
aspect of ease of system reliability could be relied on by officers in using
dental health recording and reporting programs. As one of the public service
institutions, Puskesmas requires the exwastence of an information system that was accurate and
reliable, and adequate to improve its services to patients and other related
environments (Utami, 2015). Data management at Puskesmas was one of the
important components in realizing an information system. So far, all data
processing that occurs at the Puskesmas, such as
patient data processing, medical record data processing, transaction data
processing, and reporting per period, were still carried out conventionally or
were still using paper media by employees, causing many weaknesses, including
requiring a lot of time. long, inaccurate, and so that it can produce
incomplete information.
The results of This study were in accordance with Roswiani's
research that according to an evaluation conducted by the DI Yogyakarta Health
Office in 2012, all Puskesmas in DI Yogyakarta,
namely 121 Puskesmas have used Simpus
independently, with development no longer relying on facilitation from the DI
Yogyakarta Health Office, but developed independently. district/city (Roswiani, 2016). The development of Simpus in each Puskesmas was carried out entirely by the district/city,
both in terms of budget and choice of technology used. Although the pilot
project uses the IHIS application, districts/cities were given the widest
opportunity to choose the most appropriate information technology implemented
in each Puskesmas.
The results of the research on the completeness of the features with a
p-value of 0.001 indicate that the use of information systems from the aspect
of completeness of features was very helpful for officers in using dental
health recording and reporting programs. The process of identifying needs,
initial designing to improving the system design, runs quite smoothly, because
users were quite interactive and open, making it easy for employees to operate.
The completeness of This system design means that the exwasting
features cannot be added more fully and could be operated properly. The exwasting system can still be updated and integrated
between other sub-systems, and the system was still based on multiple users. In
This system the output produced was in the form of printed reports that were in
accordance with the wwashes of the user (Hakam & Alis Setiyadi,
2014).
Usability component that measures the accuracy and completeness that
users get in achieving goals. The usability component that measures the
resources needed to produce and the level of accuracy of completeness in
achieving the goal.86 The results of This study were in accordance with Aryanti's research that on average the completeness of
filling in electronic medical records was complete. human, facilities and infrastructure,
materials, methods, and costs. The results of Nur and Irwandy's
research show that the need for users to develop systems that were capable of
supporting data processing and can provide clear information and could be
directly accessed by managerials (Saud, Kapalawi, &
Noor, 2013).
b. Information Quality
The results of the research on the completeness aspect of information
with a p-value of 0.001 indicate that the use of information systems from the
aspect of completeness of information for officers has been able to asswast officers with a system for recording and reporting
dental health. The model for the development of a digital- based dental health
recording and reporting service system has complete information. This
technology offers more information, for example in terms of virtualization,
than previous manual methods and can easily be profit-oriented and rapidly
changing (Honni, 2013). This digital system recording and reporting model also combines the advantages
of open-source patterned applications with system design. flexibility for
implementation and development needs, as well as supporting devices to improve
the quality of Puskesmas services. The results of
This study were in accordance with Prasetyo's
research that the Digital-Based Dental Health Recording and Reporting Service
System was a flexible method because it can identify various kinds of modeling
techniques used in design, because This method could be adjusted to changes and
needs during the design (Prasetyo, 2015).
The results of the research on the convenience aspect with a p-value of
0.001 indicate that the use of information systems from the convenience aspect
has been able to help officers with a system for recording and reporting dental
health programs. For This reason, it was necessary to create a Digital-Based Dental
Health Recording and Reporting Service System Development Model that processes
data effectively and efficiently, with the aim of facilitating employee
performance in recording patient data in terms of data processing and
minimizing errors in conventional data input and optimizing security (Utami, 2015). Admin login aims for data security (Gulo & Simamora, 2018). Digital-based systems could be added to the login function with a
password form for information system security (Andriyani & Perdana,
2014). The computer facilities needed in implementing Integrated Sikda include server computers, client computers and
supporting networks. In managing the server computer, it was expected that the
aspects of convenience were still concerned (Maman, 2016).
The results of This study were in accordance with Prasetyo's
research that the system for recording and reporting medical records of Majalengka Hospital has used softwwere
technology for easy operation of the operating system (OS), security softwwere (firewall), softwwere
for e-mail processing (electronic mail), DBMS softwwere
(Database). Menegement Systems), programming language
softwwere and other office processing softwwere (Maman, 2016). The results of Hakam and Setiyadi's research
show that digital-based system development uses the Prototyping Method, which
identifies needs such as recording and processing data, information needs, and
data security needs (Hakam & Alis Setiyadi,
2014). Results Pasaribu and Sihombing
research that This information system can provide security with login system (Pasaribu, 2016).
The results of the research on the accuracy aspect with a p-value of
0.001 indicate that the use of the information system from the accuracy aspect
shows that the dental health recording and reporting system program was able to
process and present data accurately. The results of This study were in accordance
with the research, the main use of accurate medical records was as evidence of
the patient's dwasease course and the treatment that
has been given, a means of communication among health workers who provide cwere to patients, a source of information for research and
education, as well as a source in collecting statwastical
data. health. The usefulness of medical records could be viewed from several
aspects, namely aspects of accuracy, adminwastrative
aspects, medical aspects, legal aspects, financial aspects, research aspects,
educational aspects and documentation aspects. Accurate and good medical
records contain complete data and could be processed into information, thus
enabling an objective evaluation of the performance of health services and
could become the baswas for education, research and
development.
The results of the research on the relevance aspect with a p-value of
0.001 indicate that the use of information systems from the relevance aspect
shows that the dental health recording and reporting system program was very
relevant to the needs of dental health workers. The results of This study were
in accordance with Azizah's research that at the Gilingan Health Center, medical record officers did not
assess the completeness of the contents of This medical record as well because
the educational background of the officers did not come from medical record
education so that they did not meet the competence to assess the completeness
of medical records (Azizah, 2018). Mangentang's research results show that there
was no relationship between educational specialization with the completeness of
medical resumes and the suitability of writing a diagnoswas
based on ICD-10 before and after JKN at Bahteramas
Hospital (Mangentang, 2015). Aryanti's research results show that the
educational status of medical record officers was still not in accordance with
the educational qualifications that must be fulfilled in carrying out their
duties and responsibilities as staff related to completing the filling of
medical record files (Aryanti, 2014).
The results of the research on timeliness aspects with a p-value of 0.001
indicate that the use of information systems from the timeliness aspect shows
that the dental health recording and reporting system program was able to process
and present data in a timely manner. The method of recording medical records on
paper was one of the main factors in the size of the needs that must be met.
Searching for a single sheet of medical records from all over the paper shelf
can take a lot of time. Paper media medical records by employees cause many
weaknesses, including that they take a long time, were less accurate, and can
produce incomplete information (Utami, 2015).
The development of an information system as a means of recording digital
medical records can accelerate the processing of medical records and reduce the
space allocated for storing thousands of medical record papers (Yuliartanto et al., 2014). The development of an adminwastrative information
system can speed up the process of processing patient adminwastrative
data up to the process of making reports, so that the time required shorter,
efficiency in cost management and the resulting information was more accurate (Utami, 2015). The quality of health services provided to the public could be improved
properly if it was supported by a good reporting system that was complete
information and the data must be received on time (Nazir & Darmawati,
2018).
The results of This study were in accordance with the research of Febrianto, Putra, and Perdanakusuma
in the SIMPUS time efficiency aspect, the results obtained were 100%, which
means that the overall time obtained in completing the task was quite good (Febrianto et al., 2019). Based on the time-based efficiency results that have been obtained, the
difference in the time to complete the task The fastest and the longest tasks
were obtained based on the differences in interactions that occur between the
first task and the sixth task where the first task the user was only asked to
log in to the SIMPLE application while for the sixth task the user was asked to
perform patient data execution which has more activity than the task that was
used. the first to just log in to the SIMPLE application.
Information conswastency in the form of input
and output data generated by the softwwere in
accordance with what was entered, and there was no repetition of data input.
The results of the research on the conswastency of
information with a p-value of 0.002 indicate that the use of information
systems from the information conswastency aspect
shows that the dental health recording and reporting system program was able to
process and present data information conswastently.
The results of This study were in accordance with Wariyanti,
Harjanti, and Sugiarsi's
research that the filling of This important report must be filled completely
because important reports were used to determine the course of the patient's dwasease and show further diagnoswas
without unnecessary repetition (Wariyanti et al., 2019). In the report recording the date and time Recording was important
because it was related to the regulation that medical record recording must be
completed no later than 1x24 hours (Aryanti, 2014; Rani &
Ernawati, 2014; Wariyanti et al., 2019). The results of This study were in accordance with the research of Nazir
and Darmawati (Nazir & Darmawati,
2018) and Andriyani and Perdana (Andriyani & Perdana,
2014) that with the application This SIP data reporting information system
city health office can easily create and recap SIP data reported by all Puskesmas quickly and on time without any repetition of
data. Thus the development of health data could be realtime,
reports on time, completed on time, effective, efficient and useful for the
preparation of health development planning (Azizah, 2018; Budi &
Rokhman, 2014; Gulo & Simamora, 2018; Maman, 2016).
The conswastency of the report in the form of
output generated by the softwwere in accordance with
the input data entered. The results of the research on the conswastency
aspect of the report with a p-value of 0.002 indicate that the use of
information systems from the aspect of information conswastency
means that the dental health recording and reporting system program was able to
process and present data reports conswastently. As a
public service institution, Puskesmas requires the exwastence of a reporting information system that was
accurate and reliable, and adequate to improve its services to patients and
other related environments (Utami, 2015). Data management at Puskesmas was one of the
important components in realizing a system information. So far, all data
processing that occurs at the Puskesmas, such as
patient data processing, medical record data processing, transaction data
processing, and reporting per period, were still carried out conventionally or
were still using paper media by employees, causing many weaknesses, including
requiring a lot of time. long, inaccurate, and so that it can produce
incomplete information.
The results of This study were in accordance with Roswiani's
research that according to an evaluation conducted by the DI Yogyakarta Health
Office in 2012, all Puskesmas in DI Yogyakarta,
namely 121 Puskesmas have used Simpus
independently, with development no longer relying on facilitation from the DI
Yogyakarta Health Office, but developed independently. district/city (Roswiani, 2016). The development of Simpus in each Puskesmas was carried out entirely by the district/city,
both in terms of budget and choice of technology used. Although the pilot
project uses the IHIS application, districts/cities were given the widest
opportunity to choose the most appropriate information technology implemented
in each Puskesmas.
3.
Multivariate Analysis The
Influence of Application System Substances on Information Quality
Table 7
Effect between the Substance of the
Application System on the Quality of Information
|
Variable |
R |
R Squwere |
T |
p-valuea |
F |
p-valueb |
|
Substance of the
Application System |
0.637 |
0.405 |
3.959 |
0.001 |
15.671 |
0.001 |
|
Multiple
Linier Regression |
||||||
From table 7 it could be seen that the p-value was for the effect of the
application system substance on the quality of information was 0.001> 0.05,
indicating that the t value was 3.959> the t table value was 1.70814, so it
could be concluded that the substance of the application system has an effect
on the quality of information. The p-value for the effect of the application
system substance on the quality of information was 0.001 <0.05. F value
count 15.671> F table value 4.24, so it could be concluded that the
substance of the application system on the quality of information affects user satwasfaction. It was known that the R Squwere
value was 0.405. This implies that the effect of the substance of the
application system simultaneously on the quality of information was 40.5%.
The use of the system is related to the existing functions of the health
information system. The ease of using the health information system is one of
the steps used to assess the success of the information system. The results of
the research on the effect of the substance of the application system on the
quality of information with a p-value of 0.001, indicate that the substance of
the application system has an effect on the quality of information.
The results of this study were in accordance with the research of Sukendro and Joyo showing that the dental clinic
information system of the Poltekkes of the Minwastry of Health in Semarang before the development of
the system was not able to produce information easily, completely, accordingly
and accurately (Sukendro & Joyo, 2011). with the configuration of the hardwwere system
with a computer server, serial to Ethernet converter and RFID reader modules,
as well as a client computer connected to the local area network (Syarifuddin, 2016). Mohammad et al that from the results of the tests and evaluations that
have been carried out, the system could be built to handle data processing adminwastration that has been integrated between adminwastration and managers very well and this system can
provide routine reports so that managerscan conduct
an evaluation at the end of each month or the end of the year (Andriyas, Mohammad,
Sukmaaji, Anjik, Ameli, 2012). Widiyantoro, et al. stated that the result of this
study was an information system that has a menu, an input form in each section
of the clinic, a database and a report in each section. indicates that the
information system was implemented in the clinic. After the system was
developed, it was evaluated according to each user. While the pharmaceutical divwasion could not be evaluated due to retirement,
evaluations from the other two divwasions suggested
that this system provided adequate information processing and was ready to use (Widiyantoro, Dharmawan,
Mawarni, & Agusyahbana, 2016).
In the accreditation mechanwasm, there were
requirements for recording and reporting related to activities and achievements
that have been carried out using SIP, which was an activity and reporting of
general data, facilities, personnel and health service efforts in the community
in accordance with Government Regulation number 46 of 2014 concerning Health
Information Systems. A digital-based dental health recording and reporting
service system was a patient record of health information written by health
workers in an electronic format. There were many benefits obtained from
switching conventional dental health recording and reporting to digital, including
making it easier for officers to access patient information so that it helps in
making clinical decwasions such as diagnoswas, therapy, having a clear record of prescribing
drugs so as to reduce the occurrence of allergic reactions and duplication. In
addition, recording and reporting of dental health also has another impact in
the form of lowering operational costs, such as a decrease in the cost of
providing medical storage space (Spruell & Vicknair,
2013).
Electronic medical record was an application of a paperless information
system (electronic). In implementing public health services, Puskesmas have an information system to improve health
services, namely the Puskesmas Paperless Information
System (SIMPLE). SIMPLE was a service provided to the community that was used
as patient medical records that were automatically stored in the Puskesmas information system. SIMPLE itself has the aim of
reducing the excessive use of paper, starting from the patient taking the queue
number to storing a patient's medical record without having to save the medical
record in a folder that can make a patient's medical record lost. SIMPLE was a
service in the form of an information system that has been developed but in its
use there were still some employees over 50 years of age who act as users of
the SIMPLE application itself who have difficulty using SIMPLE and prefer to
use the manual method as before compwered to using
the SIMPLE application (Febrianto et al., 2019). The results of the research conducted by Erawantini
showed that the completeness of the electronic medical record filling record
file was better than using paper medical records. The median value of
completing filling in electronic medical records was 85.71% while only 75% with
paper (Erawantini, Nugroho,
Sanjaya, & Sunandar, 2013). This was also in line with the research conducted by Jang that there
was an increase in the average value of completing filling of anesthesia
medical records using electronics by 3.15% compwered
to using paper (Jang, Yu, Kim, Moon, &
Kim, 2013).
Other research results show that electronic medical records can have a
negative impact on doctor and patient communication, such as dwasruption of confinement due to focusing too much on the
screen while filling out medical records, but on the other hand, it can have a positive
effect, namely that it can make it easier to carry out integrated services (Alkureishi et al., 2016). In terms of time, in general, it takes a longer time to fill out
electronic medical records than manual medical records. Perry's research shows
that from a study of 1 non-traumatic chest pain patient before the use of
electronic medical records and 76 non-traumatic chest pain patients after using
electronic medical records, the time for documenting electronic medical records
was longer, namely 9.6 minutes compwered to
conventional medical records of about 6.1 minute (Perry et al., 2014).
CONCLUSION
This research resulted the Development of a Digital-Based Dental Health
Recording and Reporting Service System Development Model at the Puskesmas. Development model of the digital-based dental
health recording and reporting service system has effective for the substance
of the application system and improves the quality dental health recording and
reporting service system based at the Puskesmas.
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