INTRODUCTION
The terms guidance
(guidance) and counseling (counseling) have a very close relationship and are
integral activities. In terms of daily practice, guidance is always coupled
with the term counseling that guidance and counseling (guidance and counseling). Guidance
is a process of providing continuous and systematic assistance to individuals
to solve the problems they face. The purpose of the guidance service is so that
the counselee can: (1) plan study completion activities, career development,
and life in the future; (2) develop all the potential and strength they have to
the maximum; (3) adapt to the educational environment, community environment
and work environment; (4) overcoming obstacles and difficulties faced in
studies, adjusting to the educational environment, society, and work
environment. Some parties think that there is no principal difference between
guidance and counseling or both have identical meanings. However, some argue
that guidance and counseling are two different definitions, both the basis and
the way they work. Counseling or counseling is considered synonymous with
psychotherapy, which is the effort to help people who have a serious mental
disorder, while guidance is considered synonymous with education. Meanwhile,
others argue that counseling is one of the techniques for providing services in
guidance and is the core of all guidance services (Lattu, 2017).
Anderson said that the improvement of the
quality of education is also closely related through responsive support and
innovation (Anderson et al., 2018).
Akmal Mundiri said
education was prone in terms of quality. This has an impact on the
implementation of the communication process in education itself, between
educators and students. (Mundiri, 2017)
Hussein Amzat said that there is a side where educational institutions should
be able to identify educational service programs that are no longer significant
in line with the goals of education itself. (Amzat et al., 2020)
In line with this, Brady and Bates mention the need for "Quality
Culture" in ensuring that the educational process is appropriate in line
with its objectives. Among them is the communication that exists between human
resources in educational institutions. (Brady & Bates, 2016)
In responding to the development of the times, religious guidance is the best
solution as a way of developing human resources. (Ashari et al., 2017)
Religious guidance is currently urgent for the education curriculum (Yahiji et al., 2018).
New construction is
needed in terms of teaching and learning in Indonesia to prevent various understandings
that have the potential to damage or diverge (Rosser, 2016). Islamic guidance and
counseling not only helps overcome the problems of students related to their learning
but also touches the religious aspects of students, however, religion has a
very important role in human life to regulate and control the life of their
actions. what is not good becomes a useful life, both worldly life, and the
afterlife (Nuraeni et al., 2020). In line with this, Saada and
Gross said that teacher guidance formed them to think critically, have moral
attitudes, and deliberate thoughts. (Saada & Gross, 2017)
Meanwhile, the phenomenon of commercialization of education has distanced
students from the side of character planting (Hadiningrum, 2017).
Islam is closely related to education. The
concept of education is directed at the formation of human and civil society
where the ultimate goal is the realization of the main human beings globally.
This is where the role of educational institutions (Hadiningrum,
2017).
Abdul Basit said that
from the perspective of historical challenges, it can be seen that the
challenges for Islamic extension agents are not getting lighter, but more
challenging and complex. Islamic religious extension workers are faced with
various changes that have occurred in Islamic society and also in human life
globally. As a result of advances in science and technology, the mindset and
behavior of the Indonesian people and the world community have experienced very
significant developments. In the era of Indonesian reform (1998) where the taps
of freedom were wide open and the democratic process began to grow in quality,
it was precisely among the Muslim community that radical and fundamentalist
Islamic movements grew. On the one hand, the presence of these religious
organizations enlivened the Islamic da'wah movement in Indonesia, but on the
other hand, the emergence of these organizations raised several problems that
troubled the community and even cornered the image of Islam. One of them is
various cases of suicide bombings. Muslims cannot be separated from global
currents that carry the themes of democratization, upholding human rights,
gender mainstreaming, secularization, environmental preservation, and various
other themes. Muslims need to take a big share in formulating these global concepts
and strive to be able to apply them in the life of the nation and state.
Muslims cannot be exclusive and close tightly on the circulation of information
and changes in society that are increasingly dynamic and progressive. Islamic
or religious extension workers are also faced with challenges related to
improving the morality of the Indonesian nation. Various cases of morality
whacking this nation are increasingly concerning, including corruption, drug
abuse, HIV/AIDS, environmental destruction, and free sex among students. Even
though the Indonesian nation is known as a country with the largest Muslim
population in the world and as a supplier to the largest number of pilgrims in
the world (Basit, 2014).
The main objective of
educational institutions is to create human beings with character and
competence. Education is the way to create an ideal nation. Also, it was also stated that
the cultivation of the importance of education became the basis for students as
individuals to be able to make positive changes. (La Fua et al., 2018)
As an illustration, Madrasas in Singapore also teach their students materials
related to the development and policies/direction of the State (Mohd Nor et al., 2017). One of the biggest homework
in the world of education in Indonesia in practice is the low focus on
character guidance or mental development (Sulisworo, 2016) Based on this description, the
writer intends to discuss the concept of guidance and counseling in the
Regulation of Government Regulation No. 111/2014 of especially in terms of
religious guidance and counseling.
Government Regulation No.
111/2014 states Guidance and Counseling is basically a systematic, objective,
logical, sustainable,� and programmed
effort carried out by counselors or guidance and counseling teachers to
facilitate the development of students/counselees to achieve independence in
their lives. Government Regulation No. 111/2014 in its legal basis can be
explained as follows:
Picture 1: Regulation Guidance and Counseling Tree
Based on the picture above, it can be seen that
Government Regulation No. 111/2014 has met legally as an extension of the
regulations above, rooted in the 1945 constitution. The differences between
general guidance and counseling and Islamic guidance and counseling according
to Thohari Musnamar, include: first in general, in the West, there is a
process of guidance and counseling services not connected with God or religious
teachings. So guidance and counseling services are considered as purely worldly
matters, whereas Islam recommends that the activity of guidance and counseling
services is a form of worship to Allah SWT assistance to others, including
guidance and counseling services, in Islamic teachings, it is counted as a
charity. Second, there is generally
a concept of western guidance and counseling services based solely on the human
mind. All existing guidance and counseling theories are only based on past
experiences, while the concept of Islamic guidance and counseling is based on,
namely, the Qur'an and the Sunnah of the Prophet, the activities of reason and
human experience. Third, the concept of western guidance and counseling services
does not address the problem of life after death. Meanwhile, the concept of
Islamic guidance and counseling services believes in life after death. Fourth,
the concept of western guidance and counseling services does not discuss and
associate itself with merits and sins. Meanwhile, Islamic guidance and
counseling discuss the rewards and sins that have been done (Siregar, 2020).
The techniques used in data collection as part of the
guidance and counseling of students can be used either test techniques or
non-test techniques. (Compilation Team. 2013 Curriculum Implementation Training
Module: 61) Test techniques that can be used in guidance and counseling can be
in the form of psychological tests. Non-test techniques that can be used in
guidance and counseling include the following techniques: first,
documentation, as a technique for obtaining data on learning achievement based
on student report cards (academic achievement), award certificates, and
non-academic achievements. This data can be used for the analysis of students'
learning abilities, which is a reflection of seriousness in learning, general
intelligence, and special intelligence, which are interpreted as being relevant
to the subject being taken with the field of expertise. Second,
questionnaires, as a technique for obtaining data about (for example) students'
learning interests, parental attention, and aspirations. Third,
interviews, as a technique that can be used to clarify the questionnaire and
other necessary matters. Fourth, observation, as a technique that can be
used to obtain data on physical conditions and behavior that appear to be taken
into consideration.
Harapan terhadap kualitas
individu dalam bimbingan dan konseling, khususnya dalam perspektif Islam, muncul sebagai bagian dari proses pemahaman bahwa setiap individu
memiliki unsur penting dalam membangun
hak asasi. Untuk itulah diperlukan
pengenalan konseling sejak dini kepada
setiap individu (Martensson and Eriksen, 2018).
The term "Humanism" is an invention of the
19th century. In German, this language is known as Humanismus, a term first
used in 1808 to refer to the form of education which provided the main place
for the mastery of Latin and Latin. In English, "humanism" began to
appear somewhat later. In terms of language, "humanism" comes from
the Latin word humanism and has a root word meaning homosexual man. Humanus
means "according to human nature". Initially, humanism was a movement
that emphasized human dignity and values. As part of a critical school of
thought originating from a movement that upholds human beings, humanism
emphasizes the dignity, role, and responsibility of humanity. Humanism itself
is always associated with a philosophical view that places humans in a certain
position and makes them the measure of everything. Furthermore, since the seventeenth
century, what is called humanism has been obliged to rely on certain
conceptions of man borrowed from religion, science, or politics. Humanism
serves to color and justifies the conception of man in which he must take a way
out. (Hamdi Usman, 2017) Hamdi Usman said the concept of humanist
education is in line with the education system in Indonesia, where it is
directed to produce independent and responsible human resources that embody the
concept of Indonesian national education. This formulation is a principle that
upholds human rights in a humanist vision (Usman et al., 2017)
Azaki Khoirudin said that communication between
teachers and students can reach a humanist level if it can restore human
function to its original purpose, namely to become the human being desired by
God, and to achieve a real social and social environment. willed by God too (Khoirudin et al., 2020).
Ahmad Fauzi illustrates that this relationship or communication pattern exists
in Islamic boarding schools as the relationship between Kyai and Santri (Fauzi, 2017).
Darmalaksana said humanist education in Indonesia was
an implementation of existing regulations. In this case, the Teacher and
Lecturer Law states that educational tasks are closely related to learning,
research, and social services. Educators implement all three in activities that
support the development of the potential of students, in line with the
objectives of guidance and counseling (Darmalaksana, 2017) Eissa
and Khalid base humanists if education has been able to give birth to personal
figures who have the character on the one hand and have the ability for
themselves and society on the other (Eissa & Khalid, 2018). Educational changes basically lead students to not only know
"Knowing That", but also "Knowing How", in line with
humanist education that offers complete human capabilities (Orrell & Conway, 2016).
METHOD
The research conducted is a type
of normative research (literature). Tracing this written data, through laws and
related books on religious guidance and counseling. This study concentrates on
Governement Regulation No. 111 of 2014 on Bimbingan
dan Konseling Pada Pendidikan Dasar dan Pendidikan Menengah. The data collection
technique used in this study uses documentation. Meanwhile, the analysis used
in this research is descriptive qualitative. The analysis is carried out
through, first, data collection in the form of laws and regulations
which are the object of research; second, reducing data through
categorization or initial identification to determine the topics that will be
used; third, present the data presented in writing or verbal words
systematically; and fourth, conclude.
RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION
The results of education should ideally be known to
what extent it can transform the knowledge, character, and expertise of
students. (Mukaddes et al., 2012)The
complexity of education in Indonesia is one of them is moral (Nurdyansyah, 2017). (Marshallsay, 2012)
underlines the importance of additional activities in the educational process
as part of religious teaching and knowledge transformation. Furthermore, it is
said that the transfer of knowledge and knowledge in the Muslim education
environment is considered successful considering the closeness between
educators and students. From an Islamic education perspective, it
is found that complex problems in the world of education require control in
every identification and problem solving, especially in developing curriculum. (Rahmawati et al., 2018) (Yahiji,
2018). The curriculum must have
relevance to social development (Lubis et al., 2019).
The legal basis for Religious Guidance and Counseling,
among others, is first, educating the nation's life is one of the goals
of education, the success of education is inseparable from the quality of
education that can realize the success of learning from an individual. Second,
education is a planned effort in the process of mentoring and learning for
individuals to develop and grow into human beings who are independent,
responsible, creative, knowledgeable, healthy, and have noble character. Law
No. 20 of 2003 concerning the National Education System (Sisdiknas) asserts,
"National education functions to develop capabilities and shape the
character and civilization of a nation with dignity to educate the nation's
life, aims to develop the potential of students to become human beings who
believe and fear God Almighty, have a noble character, are healthy,
knowledgeable, capable, creative, independent, and become democratic and
responsible citizens "(article 3). From this formula, it can be seen that
national education has a mission that is not easy, namely to build a complete
and complete human being who has great character values as well
as having faith and piety. That's why education becomes the agent of change
that must be able to improve the character of the nation. Third,
Government Regulation No. 111/2014 states that Guidance and Counseling is a
systematic, objective, logical, sustainable, and programmatic effort carried
out by counselors or guidance and counseling teachers to facilitate the
development of students/counselees to achieve independence in their lives. If
it is further discussed, it can be explained that the Government Regulation
Number 111/2014 contains:
Picture 3: Government Regulation No. 111/2014
The editorial of the word "religion" can be
found in the Annex to this Regulation. The attachment to Governemnt Regulation
No.111 of 2014 states follows the direction and spirit of the 2013 Curriculum,
the guidance and counseling paradigm views that every student/counselee has the
potential to develop optimally. Optimal development is not limited to achieving
achievements by following with their intellectual capacity and interests, but
as a developmental condition that enables students to be able to make healthy
and responsible choices and decisions and have high adaptability to the
dynamics of life they face. It was also stated that one of the functions of
guidance and counseling services is understanding, which is to help the
counselee have a better understanding of himself and his environment
(education, work, culture, and religious norms). In its application, guidance
and counseling services in educational units as a whole are packaged into four
service components, one of which is the basic service component, where the main
objective is an effort to help counselees have awareness (understanding) of
themselves and their environment (education, work, social culture, and
religion). From this, it is clear that there is no vacancy in the discussion of
religion in Government Regulation No.111/2014. Also, religious counseling
guidance as a form of potential optimization needs to be emphasized in its
implementation by containing elements in the communication of Religious
Guidance and Counseling -Qur'an and Sunnah. The concept of Communication
Guidance and Religious Counseling is based on the word of Allah: "O
people, a lesson has come from your Lord and a cure for diseases (which are) in
the chest and guidance and mercy for those who believe. (Surah Yunus: 57). This
shows that basically, BK Religion is an Intended service, in the sense
that everything will return to the Creator. Furthermore, BK Religion is Unintended,
where everything must be sought, as knowledge is learned, as the problem is
sought for solutions, and does not necessarily just pray, but also through
effort. This is stated as the word of Allah: "And We sent down from the
Qur'an something that is an antidote and a mercy for those who believe and the
Quran does not add to the wrongdoers other than loss". (Surah Al-Isra ':
82).
Meanwhile, the development of children's potential
becomes a consideration in carrying out fundamental activities of guidance and
counseling in education. This change does not necessarily change the character
of culture into new things but can instill a character that is in line with
human values. This is where humanist guidance and counseling emerges as an
alternative answer to the implementation of religious guidance and counseling.
humanist or guidance and counseling also require management so that it can run
in line with common goals and expectations, not overlapping with applicable
regulations. The concept of humanist guidance and counseling offered in this
paper, in line with the communication of Religious Guidance and Counseling is
as follows:
Picture
3: Humanism Counseling
The concept of "Humanism Counseling" can be
explained that there are 3 (three) main points, namely: first, humans as
the main focus of guidance and counseling; second, the process by
involving religious elements in it, especially positive characters; and third,
the expected output is potential development that is in line with the pace of
the times, character, and culture / local wisdom.
CONCLUSION
One of the functions of guidance and counseling
services is understanding, which is to help counselees have a better
understanding of themselves and their environment (education, work, culture,
and religious norms). Guidance
and counseling services provide the direction of student specialization
seriously on the one hand, and on the other hand, the specialization services
should not weaken the overall guidance and counseling services. For this
reason, it is necessary to formulate a general guide for the implementation of
Guidance and Counseling services, especially the Guidance of Religious
Counseling. Humanism Counseling is
an alternative in offering communication between counselors and counselees in
achieving the main objectives of the guidance and counseling itself. Based explanation and conclusion,
it would be necessary to study further about humanism counseling include
methods and tools engineering. For other researchers are expected
to develop further given the limitations in this study which focuses on the
regulation of Guidance and Counseling.
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