INTRODUCTION
The dynamics of global and regional political developments are still colored
by the struggle for influence and interest between the People's Republic of
China (PRC) and the United States (U.S.) in several regions, especially in Asia
(Mulyono, 2017). �While in the perspective of national politics
we are always tested by the political characteristics of the nation that is
still in the pragmatic shackles of the elites as a consequence of multi-party
democracy with the challenge of free speech among the people.� Problems related to politics and unity arise
in the form of differences in government policy between the central and
regional, party riots, lack of issues that build national nationalism, banyknya conflict-prone areas, still growing radicalism, sepratism, dynastic politics, debates about Eka Sila and Trisila Pancasila, or
perhaps the appearance of impressions on the medsos
that seem to describe that Aceh is part of the Turkish state and along with the
development of the times will always emerge new ideas in expression as a nation
with risks and advantages as a country that diversity.
Hendropriyono in a talk show national dialogue from
TV Tempo conveyed (global ideology; caliphate, maoism, racist liberalism,
communism- clarification of the concept of pancasila to be free from ambiguity
form the logic of identity, nationalism and national discipline (A.M Hedropriyono).� Indonesia in today's development is always following
the development of the global situation, especially related to the field of
ideology that is increasingly the influence of the world with an understanding
that continues to urgently influence the mindset of society.� Globalization can be an opportunity and
challenge for a country, one of which is Indonesia. Globalization also has a
positive and negative impact for the nation and country (Kompas.com). The way
of thinking colored by technological advances with the development of lifestyle
is influenced by the rapid flow of information, the process of changing the
culture and understanding that seems to be less sensitive to the importance of
ideological context because it is less in discussion because new cultures form
communication patterns that are replaced with machines or equipment.� Horizontal conflicts triggered by the
multiculturality of society, ethnic diversity, religion, race, class and social
conditions still color the conflicts in the region (Pertahanan, 2015)
(Ryamizard,
2015).
The national interest is the state's efforts to
pursue power, where power is everything that can develop and maintain a country's
control over another country (Morgenthau, 2017).
In protecting the national interest of each nation will strive to exert its
resource capabilities to support the realization of welfare and national
security.� Pancasila has the motto of
Single Diversity Ika-an, with pluralism and��
multiculturalism that must be united by a "sense of
togetherness" in the nationstate idiom following the spirit of nationalism
that accompanies it (Mawardi, 2017)
State ideology as a device of ideas or concepts of state thinking is as a value
order that is expected to be actualized well by the state represented by the
government and also by citizens. The ideology is basically a value that is
mutually agreed to be used as a guideline in behaving and behaving as the
identity of the state and all citizens (Silitonga, 2020).� Pancasila is a spirit that gives life to the
Indonesian nation in all respects, as a point of view, basis, or even as a foundation
(Romadlon, 2016)
In relation to the various laziness that occurs, the startegi of the universe
war is associated with political integration and the "Indonesian
Feeling", then there is a formulation of the problem that will be
discussed in the form of "how the universe war strategy can be supported
by the unity of the nation in the view of political integration" and
"what is the most appropriate strategy in realizing unity in the implementation
of political integration in the future".�
From the two things that are the problem, it is expected that the
research carried out will be able to parse the most effective and efficient way
out.
The purpose of the study was to get answers related
to the laziness discussed to know "how the strategy of universal warfare
can be supported by the unity of the nation in the view of political
integration" and "what is the most appropriate strategy in realizing
unity in the implementation of political integration in the future".� By understanding both problems, it is
expected that they will find a way out that can be used for academic and
practical purposes in society.
The research conducted is expected to be able to
provide benefits and academic contributions to various parties that carry out
similar research, especially those that explore problems related to the field
of universe war strategy with discussion and various theoretical foundations
and can provide practical benefits related to society to provide usefulness in
understanding the dynamics that occur.
Strategy Theory
The word strategy comes from the Greek "Strategos",
when it appeared used during the 18th century. seen in a narrow sense as
"The Arts of General". Or the 'art of setting' troops. B. H. Liddell
Hart's defines that strategy is The art of distributing and applying military
means to fulfill the ends of policy (Hart, n.d.)
With this understanding, the view of strategy in the sphere of political
integration and unity of Indonesia is a resource that influences the
achievement of goals because the methods or ways used in achieving goals will
follow the dynamics that occur in the small potential of resources owned.
Leaders in any line will need all the tools at their disposal so that at the
time of use or operation will follow the development of challenges or threats
supported by the ability to carry out a strategy in achieving goals.
The Theory of
Universe War
Universal war is a war (not just a war) whose
implementation involves all national citizens, territories and resources aimed
at upholding the sovereignty of the country, the integrity of the territory, and
the safety of all nations from all threats (Johannes Suryo Prabowo, Putranto, & Heri Budianto, Didik Haryadi
Santoso, Agung Prabowo, Fajar Junaedi, Setio Budi H. Hutomo, Edwi Arief
Sosiawan, 2016).
In understanding the universe war is very related
to the unity of the nation because in view of regional and populist diversity
is influenced by political integration as a means to glue the unity of the
nation. As a strategy of defense of the state of universal war in regional
understanding is a comprehensive startegi in the unity state of the Republic of
Indonesia while associated with unity and political integration, the view of
unity and unity of the nation should be reflected in the implications of
democracy that can be used as a source of strength, especially the support of
the quality of human resources that are united to support the national interest.
Theory of
Political Integration
Lion Lindberg in Political Integration as a Multi
dimensional Phenomenon requiring Multivariate Measurement, Autumn edition of
the International Organization Journal, 1970 (Lindberg, 1970)
argues that thinking "political integration is a process by which nations
no longer desire and are able to organize domestic and foreign political keys
independently of others, instead seeking joint decisions or delegating the
policy-making process to new control organs (Alfred, 2012).
With the view of political integration, the process of policy making in the new
organ control, by looking at the fact of dynamism in democracy, there is a need
for unity of views in politics with the bestiality becomes a decisive factor
because the need to control the sectoral ego that has the potential to use
politics for the benefit of pragmatic groups.
Unity Theory
According to Notonegoro (Kaelan, 2002)
The principles of Indonesian Nationalism (Persatuan Indonesia) are composed in
a single compound unity, namely: 1. Historical unity, namely the Indonesian
nation that grows and develops in a historical process, since prehistoric
times, Srivijaya, Majapahit, Youth Oath october 28, 1928 and until the
Proclamation of 1945 and then formed the state of the Republic of Indonesia. 2.
Unity of fate, which is in the same historical process and suffered the same
fate that is in the suffering of colonization and happiness together. 3.
Cultural unity, namely cultural diversity grows into a form of national
culture. 4. The unity of the territory, namely the existence of the Indonesian
nation can not be separated from the spilled blood of Indonesia. 5. The unity
of the basic spirituality, namely the existence of ideas, ideals and values of
spirituality that is entirely knotted in Pancasila. In the opening of the NRI
Constitution of 1945 paragraph II mentioned an independent, sovereign, just and
prosperous country. What is meant by a united Indonesia is a united state. So
the unity and unity of the nation is a joint state. The state of Indonesia is
not a country divided in the phrases "The state protects all
Indonesians" and "all indonesian bloodshed". Such a goal means
that the state of Indonesia, the Nation of Indonesia and the territory of the
indonesian homeland is a unity (Hanafi, 2018).
With this understanding, unity is the basic capital in the running of a
strategy so that in political integration also requires the orintasi of
unity-based thinking for all people and the need for a positive way of view in
the implementation of democracy in order to provide a sense of calm and peace
in politics, as stated in the third precept of "Indonesian unity" in
Pancasila.
�����������
METHOD
In this study using narrative method, descriptive, by collecting data
through interviews, library studies, field notes, personal documents, and
official documents presented systematically to describe the relaitas
that occurred.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Understanding the implentation
of the third "Persatuan Indonesia" in
political integration.
Views on politics; According
to prof. Ramelan Surbakti, in his book Understanding Political Science, (Ramlan, 1992) there are five political
views;� A.. Classical understanding with
the main character Plato Greece, politics is interpreted as an effort to make
common virtue, meaning to realize welfare / justice so that the manager of the
country should have a commitment in welfare.�
b. Institutional understanding, relating to the maintenance of the state
and government how the state treats its citizens and how citizens are committed
to their country, how the regime performs against its country.� c. Understanding Power, identic politics with
the power of a political scientist Harold Laswel with "Who gets What, when
and how", who gets what, when and how, What is meant is anyone who gets
power is people who enter politics, when or when related to the time limit in
managing power and how or how to get power done by election or at a time when
the kingdom is done with a hereditary system or even some who went through a
coup d'etat in applying his power.� d.
Understanding Functionalism, politics is all activities related to the
formulation and implementation of policies. System theory explains how the
policy process is explained from input-process-output. e. Understanding
Conflict or opposition, politics will not be separated from the opposition Karl
Max conveys to every system in politics will always rub.� Interagency conflicts are inevitable until
now.
From the opinion of
politics above, in democracy of course there will be a dynamic because of the
understanding of power that tends to be on behalf of the people, policy making
or regulation will provide space for the most important group that tends to use
it as a means of fulfilling the interests of the group, this has happened a lot
because basically power will push towards the oligarchs for the sake of the continuity
of power itself.�� In the view of the
unity principle, The Indonesian Nationality reflects a unity in diversity and
novelty in error. In phrase (Geertz, 1963) Indonesia is like old
wine in a new bottle, aka the cluster of old people in a new country (Latif, 2020) The view reveals as if
there is a long-tended understanding in the new organizational corridors so
that in the view of unity we instead get positive conditions but that need to
be anticipated to the importance of changes in the way of thinking and acting
is associated with the dynamics that occur in the strategic environment both
global and regional and various things that are happening in the country.
Political integration and
national integration in Indonesia
Something not strange
actually when a country has a revolt and tinged with civil war. Whether it is
in the safest country in the world even though the issues have blown away due
to conflict at certain levels.� Identity
Politics in Indonesia, as quoted from Ma'arif in his book Identity Politics and
the Future of Indonesian Pluralism", explains that especially in
Indonesia, Identity politics is more related to ethnicity, religion, ideology
and local interests represented generally by political elites with their own
articulation. (Maarif, Maarif, Ali-Fauzi,
& Panggabean, 2010) (Ilyas, 2020) Basically political
conflicts always color the running of democracy in Indonesia and various
problems arise as a picture of how vulnerable people are to incitement so that
sometimes confuses the understanding of the truth of information. The opinions
of James J. Coleman and Carl G. Rosberg see that political integration is part
of national integration. In this case, national integration has two dimensions,
namely vertical and horizontal dimension. Vertically, national integration aims
to bridge the gap of difference that may exist between elites and the masses in
order to develop a unified political process and participating political
societies. Then horizontally national integration aims to reduce the
discontinuity and tension of regional culture in order to create a homogeneous
political society� (Coleman & Rosberg,
1964).
Integration comes from
the English "integration" which means perfection or whole. National
integration is the effort and process of uniting differences that exist in a
country so as to create harmony and harmony nationally.� As we know, Indonesia is a very large nation
both from its culture and region (Astawa, 2017).
With the diversity of political
culture that still has a tendency to be easily divided due to the emergence of
an understanding of power that is growing and growing. The development of the
situation and the condition of the political environment with the impartiality
to power causes unhealthy competition and uses all means to be as close to
power as possible, this is very disruptive to the unity of the nation and will
interfere in the application of the strategy of universal war because
regionally at least politics will be influenced by the binding behavior of the
party that is the parent.� In view of the
universality and populism, the conflict that occurs in politics will disturb
the understanding of the public to make political vehicles as a means of
fighting for its interests.
The Universal Defense
Strategy is associated with political integration
(Indonesia, 2021) In the discussion of
policy implementation of nonmilitary defense directed in the face of the threat
dimension of the political field consisting of the type of threat of
disintegration of the nation, euphoria and anarchic democracy, mobilization /
gathering of masssa forces and separatism is at the authority of the Ministry
of Home Affairs as the main element supported by the Ministry of Foreign
Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Kemenkumham, Kemendikbud, Kemensos, Kemenkominfo,
Attorney General, TNI / Polri, Local Government and related institutions.� James J. Coleman and Carl G. Rosberg, seeing
political integration as part of national integration, in their view national
integration has two dimensions, namely vertical (or elite-mass) and horizontal
(or territorial) dimensions.� In the
vertical dimension of society in certain elites have a way of looking at the
tendency to maintain their positions and interests to further strengthen their
power, but in terms of policies given to the community will always consider the
interests of the group. (Coleman & Rosberg,
1964)
Regional strategy,
political system should still be directed to maintain and maintain Pancasila as
the basis of philosophy of all Indonesians in the life of society, nation and
state, and be used as the basis of struggle (J. S. Prabowo, 2019) In the view of the unity
principle associated with political integration refers to the mandate of Jakum
Hanneg 2020-2024 by involving ministries and institutions outside the ministry
of defense with a pattern of regional development synergistic to address
problems related to political conflicts.��
In view of regional problems with politicaldimensi can be given efforts
in stages from the center to the region in accordance with the level of
authority applicatively solve problems in their respective groups, if the problem
in the region that has a tendency to disintegrate the nation then local
government officials in cooperation with the TNI / Police officers in the
region so that it can be resolved properly if experiencing obstacles then can
coordinate in stages at the level above.�
Basically solving problems related to Indonesian unity in political
integration is a nonmilitary threat so that regionally re-adhesive in the frame
of unity is a shared responsibility so that the democratic atmosphere remains
within the frame of Pancasila, especially the third syllabus of "Persatuan
Indonesian".
The strategy of
persimmon, persimmon is realized through the deployment of all indonesian
national strengths and resources to be mobilized in the interests of facing the
form of threats, both from outside and from within the country (Johannes Suryo Prabowo et
al., 2016) With the increasing
conflict between groups, the deployment of national resources is needed as a
focus in supporting the improvement of defense capabilities. In the face of
domestic threats in the form of political integration that has the potential to
disrupt the unity of the nation, it is necessary to manage resources so that it
is not contested by certain groups to meet the interests of their groups but
instead strives to be willing to manage it into a force that is ready to be
mobilized to support the national interest.
Populist strategy,
populism is realized through the participation of all Indonesians in accordance
with their roles, abilities, professions, and expertise as a manifestation of
the rights and obligations of every citizen in the defense of the country (Johannes Suryo Prabowo et
al., 2016) Various ways to overcome
conflict or war can be done by the ability of human resources or people as a form
of parsitipasinya in fighting the enemy of the state. In the political
dimension the problem of political integration requires the role of society in
certain groups with its position to immediately try to solve the problems that
occur.� Indonesian unity as a precept
that hints at the importance of the role of unity in overcoming the threat to
national unity, so that it takes awareness of the defense of the country for
every human being to be willing to abandon the sectoral ego of his group in
order to build strength to protect the national interest.
CONCLUSION
From the
description above, it can be concluded that the strategy of universal war can
be supported by the condition of national unity with positive political
integration oriented to the national interest and the most appropriate use of
strategy in realizing unity in the implementation of political integration in
the future.
From the
conclusions and descriptions above can be recommended the need for consistency
from ministries or institutions outside the ministry of defense to carry out
its function as a leading sector in its dimensional responsibilities in
accordance with the mandate of presidential decree No. 8 of 2021 on Jakumhanneg.� Related
to the integration of politics and unity of the interior ministry and other
ministries and institutions can move to address the problem according to their
respective levels and fields.
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Universal
War Strategy Supported Political Integration Reviewed from
The Third Sila Pancasila; The Unity of
Indonesia